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How effective are police road presence and enforcement in a developing country context?

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  • Enoch F. Sam

    (University of Education, Winneba)

Abstract

Traffic enforcement and associated penalties are essential in any successful road safety strategy. Available literature identifies both traditional and automated traffic enforcement. Ghana employs traditional traffic enforcement involving visible police officers enforcing traffic rules and regulations on the roadways. This phenomenological study explores the perceived effectiveness of police road presence as a road safety strategy in the Ghanaian context. Data for the analysis came from in-depth interviews of 42 people recruited as a convenience sample (comprising 25 commercial drivers, 12 private drivers, and five traffic police officers of the Motor Traffic and Transport Department (MTTD) of the Ghana Police Service). The study results suggest widespread driver road tactics to outwit the traffic police officers, police extortion and driver bribery (road traffic corruption), and punishment avoidance. These behaviours undermine deterrence and negate the seriousness and expected general deterrent effect of the police road presence and enforcement. This study provides an initial exploration of the effectiveness (or otherwise) of police road presence and enforcement in the context of a developing country. Additional studies are, however, needed to explore this phenomenon further.

Suggested Citation

  • Enoch F. Sam, 2022. "How effective are police road presence and enforcement in a developing country context?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:9:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-022-01071-1
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01071-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Festival Godwin Boateng, 2021. "Why Africa cannot prosecute (or even educate) its way out of road accidents: insights from Ghana," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Hayley McDonald & Janneke Berecki-Gisolf & Karen Stephan & Stuart Newstead, 2020. "Traffic offending and deterrence: An examination of recidivism amongst drivers in Victoria, Australia born prior to 1975," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, October.
    3. Richard Tay, 2005. "General and Specific Deterrent Effects of Traffic Enforcement: Do we have to Catch Offenders to Reduce Crashes?," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 39(2), pages 209-224, May.
    4. Festival Godwin Boateng, 2020. "“Indiscipline” in context: a political-economic grounding for dangerous driving behaviors among Tro-Tro drivers in Ghana," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-5, December.
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    1. Castillo-Manzano, José I. & Castro-Nuño, Mercedes & Lopez-Valpuesta, Lourdes, 2024. "Planning traffic surveillance in Spain: How to optimize the management of police resources to reduce road fatalities," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

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