IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/palcom/v11y2024i1d10.1057_s41599-024-03866-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing insurer guarantee cover and risk retention toward SDG 3: a structure-break down-and-out call valuation

Author

Listed:
  • Xuelian Li

    (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

  • Shiu-Chieh Chiu

    (CTBC Business School)

  • Jyh-Horng Lin

    (Tamkang University)

  • Yuxin Xie

    (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

Abstract

The paper develops a down-and-out call option to evaluate the equity of a life insurer. The COVID-19 pandemic challenges captured by the premature feature of the down-and-out call option are also identified as structural breaks incorporated into the contingent claim option. Hedging, shown by the guarantee cover ratio, reflects the insurer’s ability to meet policy commitments. Reinsurance, indicated by the risk retention ratio, distributes insurance risk between the insurer and reinsurer. The insurer engages in those practices aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3: good health and well-being). The main findings are as follows. The COVID-19 pandemic harms policyholder protection and deviates from SDG 3 due to financial instability. However, strategic hedging, reinsurance, and government capital injections enhance policy assurances, achieving SDG 3 by increasing payments to policyholders and improving financial stability. Moreover, the risk retention ratio increases during severe COVID-19 periods but decreases with more government capital injections, which can substitute for risk retention. Policy implications suggest that policymakers can mitigate crisis impacts on insurer capacity to fulfill commitments, thereby enhancing life insurance stability and well-being aligned with SDG 3.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuelian Li & Shiu-Chieh Chiu & Jyh-Horng Lin & Yuxin Xie, 2024. "Assessing insurer guarantee cover and risk retention toward SDG 3: a structure-break down-and-out call valuation," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:11:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-024-03866-w
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-024-03866-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41599-024-03866-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41599-024-03866-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mattias K. Polborn, 1998. "A Model of an Oligopoly in an Insurance Market," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 23(1), pages 41-48, June.
    2. Zhang, Dayong & Hu, Min & Ji, Qiang, 2020. "Financial markets under the global pandemic of COVID-19," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    3. Robert C. Merton, 2005. "Theory of rational option pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 8, pages 229-288, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Zheng, Michael, 2022. "Is cash the panacea of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from corporate performance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    5. Escobar-Anel, Marcos & Havrylenko, Yevhen & Kschonnek, Michel & Zagst, Rudi, 2022. "Decrease of capital guarantees in life insurance products: Can reinsurance stop it?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 14-40.
    6. Krieger, Kevin & Mauck, Nathan & Pruitt, Stephen W., 2021. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dividends," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    7. Eric Briys & François De Varenne, 1994. "Life Insurance in a Contingent Claim Framework: Pricing and Regulatory Implications," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 19(1), pages 53-72, June.
    8. Chi, Yichun & Hu, Tao & Huang, Yuxia, 2023. "Optimal risk management with reinsurance and its counterparty risk hedging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 274-292.
    9. Arthur F. Burns & Wesley C. Mitchell, 1946. "Measuring Business Cycles," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number burn46-1, June.
    10. Yung‐Ming Shiu, 2011. "Reinsurance and Capital Structure: Evidence From the United Kingdom Non‐Life Insurance Industry," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 78(2), pages 475-494, June.
    11. Chang, Chuen-Ping & Chen, Shi, 2016. "Government capital injection, credit risk transfer, and bank performance during a financial crisis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 477-486.
    12. Matthias Seitz & Ulrich Frick & Miles Tallon & Karina Gotthardt & Katrin Rakoczy, 2024. "Career decisions in artistic professions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany—an experimental study," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    13. Umar Farooq & Adeel Nasir & Bilal & Muhammad Umer Quddoos, 2021. "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on abnormal returns of insurance firms: a cross-country evidence," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(31), pages 3658-3678, July.
    14. Wenwu Zhao & Caichun Yin & Ting Hua & Michael E. Meadows & Yan Li & Yanxu Liu & Francesco Cherubini & Paulo Pereira & Bojie Fu, 2022. "Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-pandemic era," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, December.
    15. J. David Cummins, 2007. "Reinsurance for Natural and Man‐Made Catastrophes in the United States: Current State of the Market and Regulatory Reforms," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 10(2), pages 179-220, September.
    16. Chi, Yichun & Liu, Fangda, 2021. "Enhancing an insurer's expected value by reinsurance and external financing," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 466-484.
    17. Li, Xuelian & Lin, Panpan & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2020. "COVID-19, insurer board utility, and capital regulation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    18. Yin, Jie & Han, Bingyan & Wong, Hoi Ying, 2022. "COVID-19 and credit risk: A long memory perspective," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 15-34.
    19. Kyal Berends & Robert McMenamin & Thanases Plestis & Richard J. Rosen, 2013. "The sensitivity of life insurance firms to interest rate changes," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 37(Q II), pages 47-78.
    20. Zhu, Michael B. & Ghossoub, Mario & Boonen, Tim J., 2023. "Equilibria and efficiency in a reinsurance market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 24-49.
    21. Kanno, Masayasu, 2021. "Risk contagion of COVID-19 in Japanese firms: A network approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    22. Konstantin Kholodilin & Vincent Wenxiong Yao, 2006. "Modelling the structural break in volatility," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(7), pages 417-422.
    23. Chen, Shi & Yang, Yang & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2020. "Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Xuelian & Lin, Panpan & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2020. "COVID-19, insurer board utility, and capital regulation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    2. Chen, Shi & Duan, Xiaoyu & Chiu, Shiu-Chieh & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "Insurer hedging amidst the interplay of black and green swans toward SDGs 3 and 7," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Chen, Shi & Yang, Yang & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2020. "Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    4. Huang, Fu-Wei & Chen, Shi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2022. "Free riding and insurer carbon-linked investment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    5. Naidu, Dharmendra & Ranjeeni, Kumari, 2021. "Effect of coronavirus fear on the performance of Australian stock returns: Evidence from an event study," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    6. Meral Kagitci, 2020. "The impact of COVID – 19 on the stocks’ yield from the pharmaceutical sector," Journal of Financial Studies, Institute of Financial Studies, vol. 9(5), pages 58-71, November.
    7. Iyer, Subramanian Rama & Simkins, Betty J., 2022. "COVID-19 and the Economy: Summary of research and future directions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    8. Ahmad, Wasim & Kutan, Ali M. & Chahal, Rishman Jot Kaur & Kattumuri, Ruth, 2021. "COVID-19 Pandemic and firm-level dynamics in the USA, UK, Europe, and Japan," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. Fasano, Francesco & Javier Sánchez-Vidal, F. & La Rocca, Maurizio, 2022. "The role of government policies for Italian firms during the COVID-19 crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    10. Poitras, Geoffrey, 2018. "The pre-history of econophysics and the history of economics: Boltzmann versus the marginalists," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 507(C), pages 89-98.
    11. Chen, Shi & Chen, Dong & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "Promoting energy conservation in manufacturing through sustainable insurance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    12. Ntantamis, Christos & Zhou, Jun, 2022. "Corporate payout, cash holdings, and the COVID-19 crisis: Evidence from the G-7 countries," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    13. Chen, Shi & Yao, Wenyu & Huang, Fu-Wei, 2021. "Multiple shadow insurance activities and life insurance policyholder protection," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    14. Chen, Shi & Lin, Ku-Jun, 2016. "Effects of government capital injection on bank and bank-dependent borrower," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PB), pages 618-629.
    15. Ching-Yuan Hsiao & Yung-Ming Shiu, 2019. "The effects of business mix on internal and external reinsurance usage," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 44(4), pages 624-652, October.
    16. Ledenyov, Dimitri O. & Ledenyov, Viktor O., 2015. "Wave function method to forecast foreign currencies exchange rates at ultra high frequency electronic trading in foreign currencies exchange markets," MPRA Paper 67470, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Yi, Minli & Yang, Yang & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2021. "Affiliated reinsurance and insurer performance under capital regulation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    18. Mbatha, Vusisizwe Moses & Alovokpinhou, Sedjro Aaron, 2022. "The structure of the South African stock market network during COVID-19 hard lockdown," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 590(C).
    19. Fu-Wei Huang & Panpan Lin & Jyh-Horng Lin & Ching-Hui Chang, 2023. "The impact of war on insurer safety: a contingent claim model analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-6, December.
    20. Lin, Jyh-Horng & Li, Xuelian & Lin, Panpan, 2022. "Could we rely on credit swap hedging as a substitute for insurer blockchain technology involvement?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 266-281.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:11:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-024-03866-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.nature.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.