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An expectancy model of Chinese–American differences in conflict-avoiding

Author

Listed:
  • Ray Friedman

    (Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA)

  • Shu-Cheng Chi

    (Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan)

  • Leigh Anne Liu

    (Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA)

Abstract

This paper develops an expectancy model for Chinese–American differences in conflict-avoiding, and tests this model using a scenario study with respondents from Taiwan and the US. Our results show that a higher Chinese tendency to avoid conflict is explained by higher Chinese expectations that direct conflict will hurt the relationship with the other party, and by greater concern for the other party among Chinese. It is not, however, explained by differences in the expected career costs/benefits of good/bad relations with others. Also, Chinese are more sensitive to hierarchy than Americans, so that avoiding is heightened more for Chinese than for Americans when the other party is of higher status. Qualitative results suggest that Chinese–American differences in time frames may also explain differences in avoiding. Implications for businesses and management are suggested. Journal of International Business Studies (2006) 37, 76–91. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400172

Suggested Citation

  • Ray Friedman & Shu-Cheng Chi & Leigh Anne Liu, 2006. "An expectancy model of Chinese–American differences in conflict-avoiding," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(1), pages 76-91, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jintbs:v:37:y:2006:i:1:p:76-91
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    3. Muaadh Noman & Selin Gurgun & Keith Phalp & Raian Ali, 2024. "Designing social media to foster user engagement in challenging misinformation: a cross-cultural comparison between the UK and Arab countries," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Stanford A Westjohn & Peter Magnusson & Yi Peng & Hyeyoon Jung, 2021. "Acting on anger: Cultural value moderators of the effects of consumer animosity," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(8), pages 1591-1615, October.
    5. Bryan K. Church & Narisa Tianjing Dai & Xi (Jason) Kuang & Xuejiao Liu, 2020. "The Role of Auditor Narcissism in Auditor–Client Negotiations: Evidence from China," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1756-1787, September.
    6. Peng, Kelly Z. & Wong, Chi-Sum & Song, Jiwen Lynda, 2016. "How do Chinese employees react to psychological contract violation?," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(5), pages 815-825.
    7. Ye, Qingyan & Wang, Duanxu & Guo, Weixiao, 2019. "Inclusive leadership and team innovation: The role of team voice and performance pressure," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 468-480.
    8. Liu, Yipeng & Almor, Tamar, 2016. "How culture influences the way entrepreneurs deal with uncertainty in inter-organizational relationships: The case of returnee versus local entrepreneurs in China," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 4-14.
    9. Dietmar Grichnik & Alexander Smeja & Isabell Welpe, 2010. "The Importance of Being Emotional: How do Emotions Affect Entrepreneurial Opportunity Evaluation and Exploitation?," Post-Print hal-00856603, HAL.
    10. Wen Wu & Fangcheng Tang & Xiaoyu Dong & Chunlei Liu, 2015. "Different identifications cause different types of voice: A role identity approach to the relations between organizational socialization and voice," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 251-287, March.
    11. Chao C. Chen & Ali F. Ünal & Kwok Leung & Katherine R. Xin, 2016. "Group harmony in the workplace: Conception, measurement, and validation," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 903-934, December.
    12. Xiang Qian, 2021. "How Executives Manage Interpersonal Conflicts in Chinese Companies in Germany: Intercultural Difference in Conflict Management Styles," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(4), pages 182-182, July.
    13. Zhang, Zhi-Xue & Liu, Leigh Anne & Ma, Li, 2021. "Negotiation beliefs: Comparing Americans and the Chinese," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(5).
    14. Tuncel, Ece & Kong, Dejun Tony & McLean Parks, Judi & van Kleef, Gerben A., 2020. "Face threat sensitivity in distributive negotiations: Effects on negotiator self-esteem and demands," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 255-273.
    15. Kevin Au & Ho Kwong Kwan, 2009. "Start–Up Capital and Chinese Entrepreneurs: The Role of Family," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(4), pages 889-908, July.
    16. Min (Maggie) Wan & Yejun Zhang & Mingze Li, 2023. "Do narcissistic employees remain silent? Examining the moderating roles of supervisor narcissism and traditionality in China," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(2), pages 715-739, April.
    17. Dirrler Phyllis & Podruzsik Szilard, 2023. "Cultural Distances and Its Association to Time Spent on Conflicts," Foundations of Management, Sciendo, vol. 15(1), pages 63-78, January.
    18. Gunkel, Marjaana & Schlaegel, Christopher & Taras, Vas, 2016. "Cultural values, emotional intelligence, and conflict handling styles: A global study," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 568-585.
    19. Pei-Yu Wang & Pin-Hui Fang & Chen-Long Wu & Hsiang-Chin Hsu & Chih-Hao Lin, 2019. "Workplace Violence in Asian Emergency Medical Services: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-18, October.

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