IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/gpprii/v45y2020i4d10.1057_s41288-020-00183-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Affirmative and silent cyber coverage in traditional insurance policies: Qualitative content analysis of selected insurance products from the German insurance market

Author

Listed:
  • Dirk Wrede

    (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Risk and Insurance)

  • Tino Stegen

    (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Risk and Insurance)

  • Johann-Matthias Schulenburg

    (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Risk and Insurance)

Abstract

This paper examines the design of affirmative and silent coverage in view of the cyber risks in traditional insurance policies for select product lines on the German market. Given the novelty and complexity of the topic and the insufficient coverage in the literature, we use two different sources. We analysed the general insurance terms and conditions of different traditional insurance lines using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. Also, we conducted interviews with experts from the German insurance industry to evaluate how insurers understand their silent cyber exposures, and what measures they take to deal with this new exposure. The study shows a considerable cyber liability risk potential for insurers in the considered insurance lines. This arises from the affirmative as well as silent cover inclusions and exclusions for cyber risks, which result from imprecise wordings of insurance clauses and insufficient descriptions of the contractually specified scope of the insurance coverage.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirk Wrede & Tino Stegen & Johann-Matthias Schulenburg, 2020. "Affirmative and silent cyber coverage in traditional insurance policies: Qualitative content analysis of selected insurance products from the German insurance market," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 45(4), pages 657-689, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:gpprii:v:45:y:2020:i:4:d:10.1057_s41288-020-00183-6
    DOI: 10.1057/s41288-020-00183-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41288-020-00183-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41288-020-00183-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin Eling & Werner Schnell, 2016. "What do we know about cyber risk and cyber risk insurance?," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 17(5), pages 474-491, November.
    2. Daniel Woods & Andrew Simpson, 2017. "Policy measures and cyber insurance: a framework," Journal of Cyber Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(2), pages 209-226, May.
    3. Tonn, Gina & Kesan, Jay P. & Zhang, Linfeng & Czajkowski, Jeffrey, 2019. "Cyber risk and insurance for transportation infrastructure," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 103-114.
    4. Shackelford, Scott J., 2012. "Should your firm invest in cyber risk insurance?," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 349-356.
    5. Mark Camillo, 2017. "Cyber risk and the changing role of insurance," Journal of Cyber Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 53-63, January.
    6. Mojtaba Vaismoradi & Hannele Turunen & Terese Bondas, 2013. "Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(3), pages 398-405, September.
    7. Moore, Tyler, 2010. "The economics of cybersecurity: Principles and policy options," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 103-117.
    8. Michael Mainelli, 2012. "Learn from insurance: cyber bore," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 14(1), pages 100-102, December.
    9. Martin Eling & Jingjing Zhu, 2018. "Which Insurers Write Cyber Insurance? Evidence from the U.S. Property and Casualty Insurance Industry," Journal of Insurance Issues, Western Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 22-56.
    10. Lagazio, Monica & Sherif, Nazneen & Cushman, Mike, 2014. "A multi-level approach to understanding the impact of cyber crime on the financial sector," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 57000, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    11. Christian Biener & Martin Eling & Jan Hendrik Wirfs, 2015. "Insurability of Cyber Risk: An Empirical Analysis†," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 40(1), pages 131-158, January.
    12. Young, Derek & Lopez, Juan & Rice, Mason & Ramsey, Benjamin & McTasney, Robert, 2016. "A framework for incorporating insurance in critical infrastructure cyber risk strategies," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 14(C), pages 43-57.
    13. Zeinab Amin, 2019. "A practical road map for assessing cyber risk," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 32-43, January.
    14. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    15. Guido Smidt & Wouter Botzen, 2018. "Perceptions of Corporate Cyber Risks and Insurance Decision-Making," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 43(2), pages 239-274, April.
    16. Tajudeen Olalekan Yusuf, 2011. "Brokers' incentives and conflicts of interest in the control of opportunism," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 12(3), pages 168-181, May.
    17. Martin Eling, 2018. "Cyber Risk and Cyber Risk Insurance: Status Quo and Future Research," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 43(2), pages 175-179, April.
    18. Eling, Martin & Wirfs, Jan Hendrik, 2016. "Cyber Risk: Too Big to Insure? Risk Transfer Options for a mercurial risk class," I.VW HSG Schriftenreihe, University of St.Gallen, Institute of Insurance Economics (I.VW-HSG), volume 59, number 59.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Martin Eling & Michael McShane & Trung Nguyen, 2021. "Cyber risk management: History and future research directions," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 24(1), pages 93-125, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Md. Hamid Uddin & Md. Hakim Ali & Mohammad Kabir Hassan, 2020. "Cybersecurity hazards and financial system vulnerability: a synthesis of literature," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(4), pages 239-309, December.
    2. Xiaoying Xie & Charles Lee & Martin Eling, 2020. "Cyber insurance offering and performance: an analysis of the U.S. cyber insurance market," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 45(4), pages 690-736, October.
    3. Martin Eling & Michael McShane & Trung Nguyen, 2021. "Cyber risk management: History and future research directions," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 24(1), pages 93-125, March.
    4. Xiaoying Xie & Charles Lee & Martin Eling, 0. "Cyber insurance offering and performance: an analysis of the U.S. cyber insurance market," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 0, pages 1-47.
    5. Matteo Malavasi & Gareth W. Peters & Pavel V. Shevchenko & Stefan Truck & Jiwook Jang & Georgy Sofronov, 2021. "Cyber Risk Frequency, Severity and Insurance Viability," Papers 2111.03366, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    6. Ulrik Franke, 2020. "IT service outage cost: case study and implications for cyber insurance," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 45(4), pages 760-784, October.
    7. Michael McShane & Trung Nguyen, 2020. "Time-varying effects of cyberattacks on firm value," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 45(4), pages 580-615, October.
    8. Ulrik Franke, 0. "IT service outage cost: case study and implications for cyber insurance," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 0, pages 1-25.
    9. Zängerle, Daniel & Schiereck, Dirk, 2022. "Modelling and predicting enterprise‑level cyber risks in the context of sparse data availability," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 136276, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    10. Gareth W. Peters & Matteo Malavasi & Georgy Sofronov & Pavel V. Shevchenko & Stefan Truck & Jiwook Jang, 2022. "Cyber Loss Model Risk Translates to Premium Mispricing and Risk Sensitivity," Papers 2202.10588, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    11. Malavasi, Matteo & Peters, Gareth W. & Shevchenko, Pavel V. & Trück, Stefan & Jang, Jiwook & Sofronov, Georgy, 2022. "Cyber risk frequency, severity and insurance viability," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 90-114.
    12. Michael McShane & Trung Nguyen, 0. "Time-varying effects of cyberattacks on firm value," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 0, pages 1-36.
    13. Kjartan Palsson & Steinn Gudmundsson & Sachin Shetty, 2020. "Analysis of the impact of cyber events for cyber insurance," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 45(4), pages 564-579, October.
    14. Daniel Zängerle & Dirk Schiereck, 2023. "Modelling and predicting enterprise-level cyber risks in the context of sparse data availability," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 48(2), pages 434-462, April.
    15. Lukáš Pavlík & Martin Ficek & Jakub Rak, 2022. "Dynamic Assessment of Cyber Threats in the Field of Insurance," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, November.
    16. Kjartan Palsson & Steinn Gudmundsson & Sachin Shetty, 0. "Analysis of the impact of cyber events for cyber insurance," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 0, pages 1-16.
    17. Mazaher Kianpour & Stewart J. Kowalski & Harald Øverby, 2021. "Systematically Understanding Cybersecurity Economics: A Survey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-28, December.
    18. Hayes, Darren R. & Cappa, Francesco, 2018. "Open-source intelligence for risk assessment," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(5), pages 689-697.
    19. Antoine Bouveret, 2018. "Cyber Risk for the Financial Sector: A Framework for Quantitative Assessment," IMF Working Papers 2018/143, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Farkas, Sébastien & Lopez, Olivier & Thomas, Maud, 2021. "Cyber claim analysis using Generalized Pareto regression trees with applications to insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 92-105.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:gpprii:v:45:y:2020:i:4:d:10.1057_s41288-020-00183-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.