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Extended Gravity

Author

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  • Eduardo Morales
  • Gloria Sheu
  • Andrés Zahler

Abstract

Exporting firms often enter foreign markets that are similar to their previous export destinations. We develop a dynamic model in which a firm’s exports in a market may depend on how similar the market is to the firm’s home country (gravity) and to its previous export destinations (extended gravity). Given the large number of export paths from which forward-looking firms may choose, we use a moment inequality approach to estimate our model. Our estimates indicate that sharing similarities with a prior export destination in terms of geographic location, language, and income per capita jointly reduces the cost of foreign market entry by 69–90%. Reductions due to geographic location (25–38%) and language (29–36%) have the largest effect. Extended gravity thus has a large impact on export entry costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Morales & Gloria Sheu & Andrés Zahler, 2019. "Extended Gravity," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 86(6), pages 2668-2712.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:restud:v:86:y:2019:i:6:p:2668-2712.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/restud/rdz007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Ho, Kate & Rosen, Adam M., 2015. "Partial Identification in Applied Research: Benefits and Challenges," CEPR Discussion Papers 10883, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Gumpert, Anna & Li, Haishi & Moxnes, Andreas & Ramondo, Natalia & Tintelnot, Felix, 2020. "The life-cycle dynamics of exporters and multinational firms," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    4. Donald R. Davis & Jonathan I. Dingel & Joan Monras & Eduardo Morales, 2019. "How Segregated Is Urban Consumption?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 127(4), pages 1684-1738.
    5. Fabian Eckert & Costas Arkolakis, 2017. "Combinatorial Discrete Choice," 2017 Meeting Papers 249, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    6. Ciliberto, Federico & Jäkel, Ina C., 2021. "Superstar exporters: An empirical investigation of strategic interactions in Danish export markets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    7. A. Kerem Cosar & Paul L. E. Grieco & Felix Tintelnot, 2015. "Borders, Geography, and Oligopoly: Evidence from the Wind Turbine Industry," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 97(3), pages 623-637, July.
    8. Nicolas Berman & Vincent Rebeyrol & Vincent Vicard, 2019. "Demand Learning and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Exporters," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 101(1), pages 91-106, March.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/7an8r1ubqs93caeqs80puld0tp is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Martina Lawless & Zuzanna Studnicka, 2018. "Old Firms and New Products: Does Experience Increase Survival?," Working Papers 201805, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    11. Jackie M. L. Chan & Chih‐Sheng Hsieh, 2022. "Cross‐border networks and knowledge spillovers for foreign entry," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(4), pages 1730-1756, October.
    12. Heiland, Inga, 2016. "Global Risk Sharing Through Trade in Goods and Assets: Theory and Evidence," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145821, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    13. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/7an8r1ubqs93caeqs80puld0tp is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Cheng, Dong & Tan, Yong & Yu, Jian, 2017. "Credit Rationing and Firm Exports: Micro Evidence from SMEs in China," MPRA Paper 81914, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gravity; Extended gravity; Export dynamics; Moment inequalities;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics

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