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The Gravity Equation in International Trade: An Explanation

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  • Thomas Chaney

Abstract

The gravity equation in international trade states that bilateral exports are proportional to economic size and inversely proportional to geographic distance. While the role of size is well understood, that of distance remains mysterious. I offer an explanation for the role of distance: If (i) the distribution of firm sizes is Pareto, (ii) the average squared distance of a firm's exports is an increasing power function of its size, and (iii) a parameter restriction holds, then the distance elasticity of trade is constant for long distances. When the firm size distribution follows Zipf's law, trade is inversely proportional to distance.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Chaney, 2018. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade: An Explanation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 126(1), pages 150-177.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jpolec:doi:10.1086/694292
    DOI: 10.1086/694292
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade

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