IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/oup/crimin/v61y2021i2p364-388..html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring the dark figure of crime in geographic areas: Small area estimation from the Crime Survey for England and Wales
[From Broken Windows to Busy Streets: A Community Empowerment Perspective’]

Author

Listed:
  • David Buil-Gil
  • Juanjo Medina
  • Natalie Shlomo

Abstract

For decades, criminologists have been aware of the severe consequences of the dark figure of police records for crime prevention strategies. Crime surveys are developed to address the limitations of police statistics as crime data sources, and estimates produced from surveys can mitigate biases in police data. This paper produces small area estimates of crimes unknown to the police at local and neighbourhood levels from the Crime Survey for England and Wales to explore the geographical inequality of the dark figure of crime. The dark figure of crime is larger not only in small cities that are deprived but also in wealthy municipalities. The dark figure is also larger in suburban, low-housing neighbourhoods with large concentrations of unqualified citizens, immigrants and non-Asian minorities.

Suggested Citation

  • David Buil-Gil & Juanjo Medina & Natalie Shlomo, 2021. "Measuring the dark figure of crime in geographic areas: Small area estimation from the Crime Survey for England and Wales [From Broken Windows to Busy Streets: A Community Empowerment Perspective’]," The British Journal of Criminology, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, vol. 61(2), pages 364-388.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:crimin:v:61:y:2021:i:2:p:364-388.
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/bjc/azaa067
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Monica Pratesi & Nicola Salvati, 2008. "Small area estimation: the EBLUP estimator based on spatially correlated random area effects," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 17(1), pages 113-141, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liberatore, Federico & Camacho-Collados, Miguel & Quijano-Sánchez, Lara, 2023. "Towards social fairness in smart policing: Leveraging territorial, racial, and workload fairness in the police districting problem," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jan Pablo Burgard & Domingo Morales & Anna-Lena Wölwer, 2022. "Small area estimation of socioeconomic indicators for sampled and unsampled domains," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 106(2), pages 287-314, June.
    2. Dian Handayani & Henk Folmer & Anang Kurnia & Khairil Anwar Notodiputro, 2018. "The spatial empirical Bayes predictor of the small area mean for a lognormal variable of interest and spatially correlated random effects," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 147-167, August.
    3. N. Salvati & N. Tzavidis & M. Pratesi & R. Chambers, 2012. "Small area estimation via M-quantile geographically weighted regression," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 21(1), pages 1-28, March.
    4. Tomasz Ża̧dło, 2015. "On longitudinal moving average model for prediction of subpopulation total," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 749-771, August.
    5. van der Weide, Roy & Blankespoor, Brian & Elbers, Chris & Lanjouw, Peter, 2024. "How accurate is a poverty map based on remote sensing data? An application to Malawi," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    6. Angelo Moretti, 2023. "Estimation of small area proportions under a bivariate logistic mixed model," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 3663-3684, August.
    7. Szymkowiak Marcin & Młodak Andrzej & Wawrowski Łukasz, 2017. "Mapping Poverty at the Level of Subregions in Poland Using Indirect Estimation," Statistics in Transition New Series, Statistics Poland, vol. 18(4), pages 609-635, December.
    8. Peter A. Gao & Jonathan Wakefield, 2023. "A Spatial Variance‐Smoothing Area Level Model for Small Area Estimation of Demographic Rates," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 91(3), pages 493-510, December.
    9. Chandra, Hukum & Salvati, Nicola & Chambers, Ray, 2018. "Small area estimation under a spatially non-linear model," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 19-38.
    10. Asep Saefuddin & Aji Hamim Wigena & Nunung Nuryartono & Dian Kusumaningrum, 2013. "Development And Aplication Of Bayesian Spatial Analysis On Poverty Data In East Java, Indonesia," ERSA conference papers ersa13p1043, European Regional Science Association.
    11. Marhuenda, Yolanda & Molina, Isabel & Morales, Domingo, 2013. "Small area estimation with spatio-temporal Fay–Herriot models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 308-325.
    12. Caterina Giusti & Lucio Masserini & Monica Pratesi, 2017. "Local Comparisons of Small Area Estimates of Poverty: An Application Within the Tuscany Region in Italy," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 131(1), pages 235-254, March.
    13. Schmid, Timo & Tzavidis, Nikos & Münnich, Ralf & Chambers, Ray, 2015. "Outlier robust small area estimation under spatial correlation," Discussion Papers 2015/8, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    14. Tomasz .Zk{a}d{l}o & Adam Chwila, 2024. "A step towards the integration of machine learning and small area estimation," Papers 2402.07521, arXiv.org.
    15. Miguel Boubeta & María José Lombardía & Domingo Morales, 2024. "Small area prediction of proportions and counts under a spatial Poisson mixed model," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 33(4), pages 1193-1215, September.
    16. Harm Jan Boonstra & Jan A. Van Den Brakel & Bart Buelens & Sabine Krieg & Marc Smeets, 2008. "Towards small area estimation at Statistics Netherlands," Metron - International Journal of Statistics, Dipartimento di Statistica, Probabilità e Statistiche Applicate - University of Rome, vol. 0(1), pages 21-49.
    17. Marcin Szymkowiak & Andrzej Młodak & Łukasz Wawrowski, 2017. "Mapping Poverty At The Level Of Subregions In Poland Using Indirect Estimation," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 18(4), pages 609-635, December.
    18. Andrzej Młodak, 2021. "k-Means, Ward and Probabilistic Distance-Based Clustering Methods with Contiguity Constraint," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 38(2), pages 313-352, July.
    19. Jan Kordos, 2016. "Development Of Smallarea Estimation In Official Statistics," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 17(1), pages 105-132, March.
    20. repec:csb:stintr:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:105-132 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Jan Kubacki & Alina Jędrzejczak, 2016. "Small Area Estimation Of Income Under Spatial Sar Model," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 17(3), pages 365-390, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oup:crimin:v:61:y:2021:i:2:p:364-388.. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Oxford University Press (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://academic.oup.com/bjc .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.