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Structures of metabotropic GABAB receptor

Author

Listed:
  • Makaía M. Papasergi-Scott

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Michael J. Robertson

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Alpay B. Seven

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Ouliana Panova

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Jesper M. Mathiesen

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Georgios Skiniotis

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

Abstract

Stimulation of the metabotropic GABAB receptor by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) results in prolonged inhibition of neurotransmission, which is central to brain physiology1. GABAB belongs to family C of the G-protein-coupled receptors, which operate as dimers to transform synaptic neurotransmitter signals into a cellular response through the binding and activation of heterotrimeric G proteins2,3. However, GABAB is unique in its function as an obligate heterodimer in which agonist binding and G-protein activation take place on distinct subunits4,5. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of heterodimeric and homodimeric full-length GABAB receptors. Complemented by cellular signalling assays and atomistic simulations, these structures reveal that extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of GABAB has an essential role in relaying structural transitions by ordering the linker that connects the extracellular ligand-binding domain to the transmembrane region. Furthermore, the ECL2 of each of the subunits of GABAB caps and interacts with the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid that occupies the extracellular half of the transmembrane domain, thereby providing a potentially crucial link between ligand binding and the receptor core that engages G proteins. These results provide a starting framework through which to decipher the mechanistic modes of signal transduction mediated by GABAB dimers, and have important implications for rational drug design that targets these receptors.

Suggested Citation

  • Makaía M. Papasergi-Scott & Michael J. Robertson & Alpay B. Seven & Ouliana Panova & Jesper M. Mathiesen & Georgios Skiniotis, 2020. "Structures of metabotropic GABAB receptor," Nature, Nature, vol. 584(7820), pages 310-314, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:584:y:2020:i:7820:d:10.1038_s41586-020-2469-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2469-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Yu Qian & Zhengxiong Ma & Zhenmei Xu & Yaning Duan & Yangjie Xiong & Ruixue Xia & Xinyan Zhu & Zongwei Zhang & Xinyu Tian & Han Yin & Jian Liu & Jing Song & Yang Lu & Anqi Zhang & Changyou Guo & Lihua, 2024. "Structural basis of Frizzled 4 in recognition of Dishevelled 2 unveils mechanism of WNT signaling activation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Yaejin Yun & Hyeongseop Jeong & Thibaut Laboute & Kirill A. Martemyanov & Hyung Ho Lee, 2024. "Cryo-EM structure of human class C orphan GPCR GPR179 involved in visual processing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Alexa Strauss & Alberto J. Gonzalez-Hernandez & Joon Lee & Nohely Abreu & Purushotham Selvakumar & Leslie Salas-Estrada & Melanie Kristt & Anisul Arefin & Kevin Huynh & Dagan C. Marx & Kristen Gillila, 2024. "Structural basis of positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and internalization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Michael R. Schamber & Reza Vafabakhsh, 2022. "Mechanism of sensitivity modulation in the calcium-sensing receptor via electrostatic tuning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.

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