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Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering

Author

Listed:
  • Cara Tannenbaum

    (Université de Montréal, Montreal)

  • Robert P. Ellis

    (University of Exeter)

  • Friederike Eyssel

    (Universität Bielefeld)

  • James Zou

    (Stanford University
    Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub)

  • Londa Schiebinger

    (Stanford University)

Abstract

The goal of sex and gender analysis is to promote rigorous, reproducible and responsible science. Incorporating sex and gender analysis into experimental design has enabled advancements across many disciplines, such as improved treatment of heart disease and insights into the societal impact of algorithmic bias. Here we discuss the potential for sex and gender analysis to foster scientific discovery, improve experimental efficiency and enable social equality. We provide a roadmap for sex and gender analysis across scientific disciplines and call on researchers, funding agencies, peer-reviewed journals and universities to coordinate efforts to implement robust methods of sex and gender analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Cara Tannenbaum & Robert P. Ellis & Friederike Eyssel & James Zou & Londa Schiebinger, 2019. "Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7781), pages 137-146, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:575:y:2019:i:7781:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1657-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1657-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Venera R. Khalikova & Mushan Jin & Shauhrat S. Chopra, 2021. "Gender in sustainability research: Inclusion, intersectionality, and patterns of knowledge production," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(4), pages 900-912, August.
    2. Ballering, Aranka V. & Bonvanie, Irma J. & Olde Hartman, Tim C. & Monden, Rei & Rosmalen, Judith G.M., 2020. "Gender and sex independently associate with common somatic symptoms and lifetime prevalence of chronic disease," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Jacopo Ambrosj & Kris Dierickx & Hugh Desmond, 2024. "Codes of conduct should help scientists navigate societal expectations," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Kim, Lanu & Smith, Daniel Scott & Hofstra, Bas & McFarland, Daniel A., 2022. "Gendered knowledge in fields and academic careers," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(1).
    5. Michael O’Grady & Eleni Mangina, 2022. "Adoption of Responsible Research and Innovation in Citizen Observatories," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    6. María del Pilar Montero López & Ana Isabel Mora Urda & Francisco Javier Martín Almena & Oscar Geovanny Enríquez-Martínez, 2022. "Changes in Eating Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown and the Impact on the Potential Inflammatory Effects of Diet," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Betzabé Torres-Cortés & Loreto Leiva & Katia Canenguez & Marcia Olhaberry & Emmanuel Méndez, 2023. "Shared Components of Worldwide Successful Sexuality Education Interventions for Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-23, February.
    8. Takuji Usui & Malcolm R Macleod & Sarah K McCann & Alistair M Senior & Shinichi Nakagawa, 2021. "Meta-analysis of variation suggests that embracing variability improves both replicability and generalizability in preclinical research," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(5), pages 1-20, May.
    9. Matschegg, Doris & Carlon, Elisa & Sturmlechner, Rita & Sonnleitner, Andrea & Fuhrmann, Marilene & Dißauer, Christa & Strasser, Christoph & Enigl, Monika, 2023. "Investigation of individual motives and decision paths on residential energy supply systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    10. Alexander S. Long & Brian J. Reich & Ana‐Maria Staicu & John Meitzen, 2023. "A nonparametric test of group distributional differences for hierarchically clustered functional data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(4), pages 3778-3791, December.
    11. Evelyne Bischof & Sabine Oertelt-Prigione & Rosemary Morgan & Sabra L. Klein & The Sex and Gender in COVID19 Clinical Trials Working Group (SGC) & Gender and COVID19 Working Group, 2020. "Towards Precision Medicine: Inclusion of Sex and Gender Aspects in COVID-19 Clinical Studies—Acting Now before It Is Too Late—A Joint Call for Action," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-5, May.
    12. Doerrenberg, Philipp & Duncan, Denvil & Li, Danyang, 2024. "The (in)visible hand: Do workers discriminate against employers?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    13. Lin Zhang & Beibei Sun & Fei Shu & Ying Huang, 2022. "Comparing paper level classifications across different methods and systems: an investigation of Nature publications," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 127(12), pages 7633-7651, December.
    14. C. Z. Kalenga & J. Parsons Leigh & J. Griffith & D. C. Wolf & S. M. Dumanski & A. Desjarlais & L. Petermann & S. B. Ahmed, 2020. "Sex and gender considerations in health research: a trainee and allied research personnel perspective," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, December.
    15. Lucía Martínez-Manrique & Maitane Berasaluce & Xisca Sureda & María Sandín Vázquez, 2022. "Gender Matters: Identity, Risk Perception and Preventive Interventions for Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents Using a Qualitative Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-18, December.
    16. Fosch-Villaronga, Eduard & Calleja, Carlos José & Drukarch, Hadassah & Torricelli, Diego, 2023. "How can ISO 13482:2014 account for the ethical and social considerations of robotic exoskeletons?," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    17. Lori van den Hurk & Sarah Hiltner & Sabine Oertelt-Prigione, 2022. "Operationalization and Reporting Practices in Manuscripts Addressing Gender Differences in Biomedical Research: A Cross-Sectional Bibliographical Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, November.
    18. Lorraine Greaves, 2020. "Missing in Action: Sex and Gender in Substance Use Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-7, March.
    19. Perez-Brumer, Amaya & Valdez, Natali & Scheim, Ayden I., 2024. "The anti-gender threat: An ethical, democratic, and scientific imperative for NIH research/ers," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).

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