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Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms

Author

Listed:
  • Clifford B. Saper

    (Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Thomas E. Scammell

    (Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

  • Jun Lu

    (Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

Abstract

A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environmental influences to shape wake–sleep cycles into the optimal pattern for survival.

Suggested Citation

  • Clifford B. Saper & Thomas E. Scammell & Jun Lu, 2005. "Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms," Nature, Nature, vol. 437(7063), pages 1257-1263, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:437:y:2005:i:7063:d:10.1038_nature04284
    DOI: 10.1038/nature04284
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    Cited by:

    1. Costa-Font, Joan & Fleche, Sarah & Pagan, Ricardo, 2024. "The labour market returns to sleep," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Raquel Amorim & Valentín Molina-Moreno & Antonio Peña-García, 2016. "Proposal for Sustainable Dynamic Lighting in Sport Facilities to Decrease Violence among Spectators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Junta Tagusari & Toshihito Matsui, 2016. "A Neurophysiological Approach for Evaluating Noise-Induced Sleep Disturbance: Calculating the Time Constant of the Dynamic Characteristics in the Brainstem," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Shuzhen Niu & Xianliang Liu & Qian Wu & Jiajia Ma & Songqi Wu & Li Zeng & Yan Shi, 2023. "Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function after Stroke: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    5. Thi Phuoc Lai Nguyen & Antonio Peña-García, 2019. "Users’ Awareness, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Health Risks Associated with Excessive Lighting in Night Markets: Policy Implications for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Kameron Hahn & Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar, 2023. "Current Perspective on the Role of the Circadian Clock and Extracellular Matrix in Chronic Lung Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Fulvio Plescia & Luigi Cirrincione & Daniela Martorana & Caterina Ledda & Venerando Rapisarda & Valentina Castelli & Francesco Martines & Denis Vinnikov & Emanuele Cannizzaro, 2021. "Alcohol Abuse and Insomnia Disorder: Focus on a Group of Night and Day Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Michèle Moessinger & Ralf Stürmer & Markus Mühlensiep, 2021. "Auditive beta stimulation as a countermeasure against driver fatigue," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, January.
    9. Barnes, Christopher M. & Schaubroeck, John & Huth, Megan & Ghumman, Sonia, 2011. "Lack of sleep and unethical conduct," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 115(2), pages 169-180, July.
    10. Bo-Wei Qin & Lei Zhao & Wei Lin, 2021. "A frequency-amplitude coordinator and its optimal energy consumption for biological oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    11. Sehyun Yun & Minsuk Kim & Won-Tae Lee & Jin-Ha Yoon & Jong-Uk Won, 2021. "Irregular Work Hours and the Risk of Sleep Disturbance Among Korean Service Workers Required to Suppress Emotion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    12. Ines Villano & Marco La Marra & Girolamo Di Maio & Vincenzo Monda & Sergio Chieffi & Ezia Guatteo & Giovanni Messina & Fiorenzo Moscatelli & Marcellino Monda & Antonietta Messina, 2022. "Physiological Role of Orexinergic System for Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-18, July.
    13. Guarana, Cristiano L. & Barnes, Christopher M., 2017. "Lack of sleep and the development of leader-follower relationships over time," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 57-73.
    14. Qiang Liu & Benjamin J. Bell & Dong Won Kim & Sang Soo Lee & Mehmet F. Keles & Qili Liu & Ian D. Blum & Annette A. Wang & Elijah J. Blank & Jiali Xiong & Joseph L. Bedont & Anna J. Chang & Habon Issa , 2023. "A clock-dependent brake for rhythmic arousal in the dorsomedial hypothalamus," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    15. Ziyue Wang & Xiang Fei & Xiaotong Liu & Yanjie Wang & Yue Hu & Wanling Peng & Ying-wei Wang & Siyu Zhang & Min Xu, 2022. "REM sleep is associated with distinct global cortical dynamics and controlled by occipital cortex," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.

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