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Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia

Author

Listed:
  • K. S. Li

    (Shantou University Medical College)

  • Y. Guan

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • J. Wang

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • G. J. D. Smith

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • K. M. Xu

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • L. Duan

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • A. P. Rahardjo

    (Universitas Airlangga)

  • P. Puthavathana

    (Sriraj Hospital)

  • C. Buranathai

    (National Institute of Animal Health)

  • T. D. Nguyen

    (National Institute of Veterinary Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)

  • A. T. S. Estoepangestie

    (Universitas Airlangga)

  • A. Chaisingh

    (National Institute of Animal Health)

  • P. Auewarakul

    (Sriraj Hospital)

  • H. T. Long

    (National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology)

  • N. T. H. Hanh

    (National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology)

  • R. J. Webby

    (St Jude Children's Research Hospital)

  • L. L. M. Poon

    (The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • H. Chen

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • K. F. Shortridge

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • K. Y. Yuen

    (The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

  • R. G. Webster

    (The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital
    St Jude Children's Research Hospital)

  • J. S. M. Peiris

    (Shantou University Medical College
    The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital)

Abstract

A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5N1, caused disease outbreaks in poultry in China and seven other east Asian countries between late 2003 and early 2004; the same virus was fatal to humans in Thailand and Vietnam1. Here we demonstrate a series of genetic reassortment events traceable to the precursor of the H5N1 viruses that caused the initial human outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997 (refs 2–4) and subsequent avian outbreaks in 2001 and 2002 (refs 5, 6). These events gave rise to a dominant H5N1 genotype (Z) in chickens and ducks that was responsible for the regional outbreak in 2003–04. Our findings indicate that domestic ducks in southern China had a central role in the generation and maintenance of this virus, and that wild birds may have contributed to the increasingly wide spread of the virus in Asia. Our results suggest that H5N1 viruses with pandemic potential have become endemic in the region and are not easily eradicable. These developments pose a threat to public and veterinary health in the region and potentially the world, and suggest that long-term control measures are required.

Suggested Citation

  • K. S. Li & Y. Guan & J. Wang & G. J. D. Smith & K. M. Xu & L. Duan & A. P. Rahardjo & P. Puthavathana & C. Buranathai & T. D. Nguyen & A. T. S. Estoepangestie & A. Chaisingh & P. Auewarakul & H. T. Lo, 2004. "Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia," Nature, Nature, vol. 430(6996), pages 209-213, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:430:y:2004:i:6996:d:10.1038_nature02746
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02746
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chaiban, Celia & Biscio, Christophe & Thanapongtharm, Weerapong & Tildesley, Michael & Xiao, Xiangming & Robinson, Timothy P. & Vanwambeke, Sophie O. & Gilbert, Marius, 2019. "Point pattern simulation modelling of extensive and intensive chicken farming in Thailand: Accounting for clustering and landscape characteristics," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 335-344.
    2. Zhijie Zhang & Dongmei Chen & Yue Chen & Bo Wang & Yi Hu & Jie Gao & Liqian Sun & Rui Li & Chenglong Xiong, 2014. "Evaluating the Impact of Environmental Temperature on Global Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Outbreaks in Domestic Poultry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.
    3. Xin-Lou Li & Kun Liu & Hong-Wu Yao & Ye Sun & Wan-Jun Chen & Ruo-Xi Sun & Sake J. De Vlas & Li-Qun Fang & Wu-Chun Cao, 2015. "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Mainland China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Ore Koren & Jessica Steinberg & Amit Hagar, 2024. "Meat production and zoonotic disease outbreaks in Asia," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 68(3), pages 567-586, July.
    5. Qingxia Zhang & Dingcheng Wang, 2014. "Antiviral Prophylaxis and Isolation for the Control of Pandemic Influenza," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-23, July.

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