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A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface

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  • A. Ohtomo

    (Lucent Technologies
    Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University
    Japan Science and Technology Agency)

  • H. Y. Hwang

    (Lucent Technologies
    Japan Science and Technology Agency
    University of Tokyo)

Abstract

Polarity discontinuities at the interfaces between different crystalline materials (heterointerfaces) can lead to nontrivial local atomic and electronic structure, owing to the presence of dangling bonds and incomplete atomic coordinations1,2,3. These discontinuities often arise in naturally layered oxide structures, such as the superconducting copper oxides and ferroelectric titanates, as well as in artificial thin film oxide heterostructures such as manganite tunnel junctions4,5,6. If polarity discontinuities can be atomically controlled, unusual charge states that are inaccessible in bulk materials could be realized. Here we have examined a model interface between two insulating perovskite oxides—LaAlO3 and SrTiO3—in which we control the termination layer at the interface on an atomic scale. In the simple ionic limit, this interface presents an extra half electron or hole per two-dimensional unit cell, depending on the structure of the interface. The hole-doped interface is found to be insulating, whereas the electron-doped interface is conducting, with extremely high carrier mobility exceeding 10,000 cm2 V-1 s-1. At low temperature, dramatic magnetoresistance oscillations periodic with the inverse magnetic field are observed, indicating quantum transport. These results present a broad opportunity to tailor low-dimensional charge states by atomically engineered oxide heteroepitaxy.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Ohtomo & H. Y. Hwang, 2004. "A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface," Nature, Nature, vol. 427(6973), pages 423-426, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:427:y:2004:i:6973:d:10.1038_nature02308
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02308
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    1. Marti Checa & Addis S. Fuhr & Changhyo Sun & Rama Vasudevan & Maxim Ziatdinov & Ilia Ivanov & Seok Joon Yun & Kai Xiao & Alp Sehirlioglu & Yunseok Kim & Pankaj Sharma & Kyle P. Kelley & Neus Domingo &, 2023. "High-speed mapping of surface charge dynamics using sparse scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Jinsol Seo & Hyungwoo Lee & Kitae Eom & Jinho Byun & Taewon Min & Jaekwang Lee & Kyoungjun Lee & Chang-Beom Eom & Sang Ho Oh, 2024. "Feld-induced modulation of two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface by polar distortion of LaAlO3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. J. W. Lee & K. Eom & T. R. Paudel & B. Wang & H. Lu & H. X. Huyan & S. Lindemann & S. Ryu & H. Lee & T. H. Kim & Y. Yuan & J. A. Zorn & S. Lei & W. P. Gao & T. Tybell & V. Gopalan & X. Q. Pan & A. Gru, 2021. "In-plane quasi-single-domain BaTiO3 via interfacial symmetry engineering," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Felix Küster & Sascha Brinker & Samir Lounis & Stuart S. P. Parkin & Paolo Sessi, 2021. "Long range and highly tunable interaction between local spins coupled to a superconducting condensate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
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    6. Shingo Toyoda & Manfred Fiebig & Lea Forster & Taka-hisa Arima & Yoshinori Tokura & Naoki Ogawa, 2021. "Writing of strain-controlled multiferroic ribbons into MnWO4," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
    7. Kitae Eom & Bongwook Chung & Sehoon Oh & Hua Zhou & Jinsol Seo & Sang Ho Oh & Jinhyuk Jang & Si-Young Choi & Minsu Choi & Ilwan Seo & Yun Sang Lee & Youngmin Kim & Hyungwoo Lee & Jung-Woo Lee & Kyoung, 2024. "Surface triggered stabilization of metastable charge-ordered phase in SrTiO3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    8. Yuhao Hong & Long Wei & Qinghua Zhang & Zhixiong Deng & Xiaxia Liao & Yangbo Zhou & Lei Wang & Tongrui Li & Junhua Liu & Wen Xiao & Shilin Hu & Lingfei Wang & Lin Li & Mark Huijben & Yulin Gan & Kai C, 2023. "A broad-spectrum gas sensor based on correlated two-dimensional electron gas," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    9. Sara Varotto & Annika Johansson & Börge Göbel & Luis M. Vicente-Arche & Srijani Mallik & Julien Bréhin & Raphaël Salazar & François Bertran & Patrick Le Fèvre & Nicolas Bergeal & Julien Rault & Ingrid, 2022. "Direct visualization of Rashba-split bands and spin/orbital-charge interconversion at KTaO3 interfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Shingo Kaneta-Takada & Miho Kitamura & Shoma Arai & Takuma Arai & Ryo Okano & Le Duc Anh & Tatsuro Endo & Koji Horiba & Hiroshi Kumigashira & Masaki Kobayashi & Munetoshi Seki & Hitoshi Tabata & Masaa, 2022. "Giant spin-to-charge conversion at an all-epitaxial single-crystal-oxide Rashba interface with a strongly correlated metal interlayer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    11. Pooja Sindhu & K. S. Ananthram & Anil Jain & Kartick Tarafder & Nirmalya Ballav, 2022. "Charge-transfer interface of insulating metal-organic frameworks with metallic conduction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    12. Guanghui Cheng & Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman & Zhiping He & Andres Llacsahuanga Allcca & Avinash Rustagi & Kirstine Aggerbeck Stampe & Yanglin Zhu & Shaohua Yan & Shangjie Tian & Zhiqiang Mao & Hechang , 2022. "Emergence of electric-field-tunable interfacial ferromagnetism in 2D antiferromagnet heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    13. Enyang Men & Deyang Li & Haiyang Zhang & Jingxin Chen & Zhihan Qiao & Long Wei & Zhaosheng Wang & Chuanying Xi & Dongsheng Song & Yuhan Li & Hyoungjeen Jeen & Kai Chen & Hong Zhu & Lin Hao, 2024. "An atomically controlled insulator-to-metal transition in iridate/manganite heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    14. Cody A. Dennett & Narayan Poudel & Paul J. Simmonds & Ashutosh Tiwari & David H. Hurley & Krzysztof Gofryk, 2022. "Towards actinide heterostructure synthesis and science," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-4, December.
    15. Xiaoyang Chen & Tianlun Yu & Yuan Liu & Yanqiu Sun & Minyinan Lei & Nan Guo & Yu Fan & Xingtian Sun & Meng Zhang & Fatima Alarab & Vladimir N. Strocov & Yilin Wang & Tao Zhou & Xinyi Liu & Fanjin Lu &, 2024. "Orientation-dependent electronic structure in interfacial superconductors LaAlO3/KTaO3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    16. Xuexi Yan & Yixiao Jiang & Qianqian Jin & Tingting Yao & Weizhen Wang & Ang Tao & Chunyang Gao & Xiang Li & Chunlin Chen & Hengqiang Ye & Xiu-Liang Ma, 2023. "Interfacial interaction and intense interfacial ultraviolet light emission at an incoherent interface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.

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