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Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Author

Listed:
  • Malcolm J. Gardner

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Neil Hall

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus)

  • Eula Fung

    (Stanford Genome Technology Center)

  • Owen White

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Matthew Berriman

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus)

  • Richard W. Hyman

    (Stanford Genome Technology Center)

  • Jane M. Carlton

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Arnab Pain

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus)

  • Karen E. Nelson

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Sharen Bowman

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
    Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre)

  • Ian T. Paulsen

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Keith James

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus)

  • Jonathan A. Eisen

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Kim Rutherford

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus)

  • Steven L. Salzberg

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Alister Craig

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place)

  • Sue Kyes

    (University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital)

  • Man-Suen Chan

    (University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital)

  • Vishvanath Nene

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Shamira J. Shallom

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Bernard Suh

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Jeremy Peterson

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Sam Angiuoli

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Mihaela Pertea

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Jonathan Allen

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Jeremy Selengut

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Daniel Haft

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Michael W. Mather

    (Drexel University College of Medicine)

  • Akhil B. Vaidya

    (Drexel University College of Medicine)

  • David M. A. Martin

    (The University of Dundee)

  • Alan H. Fairlamb

    (The University of Dundee)

  • Martin J. Fraunholz

    (University of Pennsylvania)

  • David S. Roos

    (University of Pennsylvania)

  • Stuart A. Ralph

    (University of Melbourne)

  • Geoffrey I. McFadden

    (University of Melbourne)

  • Leda M. Cummings

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • G. Mani Subramanian

    (Celera Genomics)

  • Chris Mungall

    (University of California)

  • J. Craig Venter

    (The Center for the Advancement of Genomics)

  • Daniel J. Carucci

    (Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center)

  • Stephen L. Hoffman

    (Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center
    Sanaria)

  • Chris Newbold

    (University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital)

  • Ronald W. Davis

    (Stanford Genome Technology Center)

  • Claire M. Fraser

    (The Institute for Genomic Research)

  • Bart Barrell

    (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus)

Abstract

The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5,300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host–parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.

Suggested Citation

  • Malcolm J. Gardner & Neil Hall & Eula Fung & Owen White & Matthew Berriman & Richard W. Hyman & Jane M. Carlton & Arnab Pain & Karen E. Nelson & Sharen Bowman & Ian T. Paulsen & Keith James & Jonathan, 2002. "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum," Nature, Nature, vol. 419(6906), pages 498-511, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:419:y:2002:i:6906:d:10.1038_nature01097
    DOI: 10.1038/nature01097
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    Cited by:

    1. Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist & Lucie Gallot-Lavallée & Dayana E. Salas-Leiva & Bruce A. Curtis & Kristína Záhonová & Ivan Čepička & Courtney W. Stairs & Shweta Pipaliya & Joel B. Dacks & John M. Archibald , 2024. "A unique symbiosome in an anaerobic single-celled eukaryote," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. José Antonio Garrido-Cardenas & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Lilia González-Cerón & Francisco Gil-Montoya & Alfredo Alcayde-Garcia & Nuria Novas & Concepción Mesa-Valle, 2018. "The Identification of Scientific Communities and Their Approach to Worldwide Malaria Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Veronique Lorenz & Gabriele Karanis & Panagiotis Karanis, 2014. "Malaria Vaccine Development and How External Forces Shape It: An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Victoria S. Frisbie & Hideharu Hashimoto & Yixuan Xie & Francisca N. De Luna Vitorino & Josue Baeza & Tam Nguyen & Zhangerjiao Yuan & Janna Kiselar & Benjamin A. Garcia & Erik W. Debler, 2024. "Two DOT1 enzymes cooperatively mediate efficient ubiquitin-independent histone H3 lysine 76 tri-methylation in kinetoplastids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Shiroh Iwanaga & Rie Kubota & Tsubasa Nishi & Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan & Somdet Srichairatanakool & Naoaki Shinzawa & Din Syafruddin & Masao Yuda & Chairat Uthaipibull, 2022. "Genome-wide functional screening of drug-resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Prasun Kundu & Deboki Naskar & Shannon J. McKie & Sheena Dass & Usheer Kanjee & Viola Introini & Marcelo U. Ferreira & Pietro Cicuta & Manoj Duraisingh & Janet E. Deane & Julian C. Rayner, 2023. "The structure of a Plasmodium vivax Tryptophan Rich Antigen domain suggests a lipid binding function for a pan-Plasmodium multi-gene family," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    7. Mariateresa Cesare & Mulenga Mwenda & Anna E. Jeffreys & Jacob Chirwa & Chris Drakeley & Kammerle Schneider & Brenda Mambwe & Karolina Glanz & Christina Ntalla & Manuela Carrasquilla & Silvia Portugal, 2024. "Flexible and cost-effective genomic surveillance of P. falciparum malaria with targeted nanopore sequencing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    8. Sourav Ghosh & Rajib Kundu & Manjunatha Chandana & Rahul Das & Aditya Anand & Subhashree Beura & Ruchir Chandrakant Bobde & Vishal Jain & Sowmya Ramakant Prabhu & Prativa Kumari Behera & Akshaya Kumar, 2023. "Distinct evolution of type I glutamine synthetase in Plasmodium and its species-specific requirement," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-27, December.
    9. Mwikali Kioko & Alena Pance & Shaban Mwangi & David Goulding & Alison Kemp & Martin Rono & Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier & Pete C. Bull & Philip Bejon & Julian C. Rayner & Abdirahman I. Abdi, 2023. "Extracellular vesicles could be a putative posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism that shapes intracellular RNA levels in Plasmodium falciparum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    10. Alexander A. Morano & Rachel M. Rudlaff & Jeffrey D. Dvorin, 2023. "A PPP-type pseudophosphatase is required for the maintenance of basal complex integrity in Plasmodium falciparum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.

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