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Defect compensation in formamidinium–caesium perovskites for highly efficient solar mini-modules with improved photostability

Author

Listed:
  • Yehao Deng

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    Perotech Inc)

  • Shuang Xu

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Shangshang Chen

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Xun Xiao

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Jingjing Zhao

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Jinsong Huang

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Abstract

Formamidinium–caesium mixed-cation perovskites have shown better thermal stability than their methylammonium-containing counterparts but they suffer from photoinstability induced by iodide migration and phase segregation. Here we improve their photostability by adding slightly excessive AX (at a molar percentage of 0.25% to Pb2+ ions), where A is formamidinium or caesium and X is iodine. The excessive AX does not improve the initial solar cell efficiency. It compensates iodide vacancies and suppresses ion migration and defects generation during long-term illumination by around tenfold compared with AX-deficient devices. Consequently, generation of hole traps and phase segregation is impeded, with the former limiting solar cell efficiency after degradation. The perovskite mini-modules reached a certified stabilized efficiency of 18.6% with an aperture area of ~30 cm2, corresponding to an active area efficiency of 20.2%. The mini-module maintains 93.6% of the initial efficiency after continuous operation under 1 sun illumination for >1,000 h at 50 ± 5 °C in air.

Suggested Citation

  • Yehao Deng & Shuang Xu & Shangshang Chen & Xun Xiao & Jingjing Zhao & Jinsong Huang, 2021. "Defect compensation in formamidinium–caesium perovskites for highly efficient solar mini-modules with improved photostability," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(6), pages 633-641, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:6:y:2021:i:6:d:10.1038_s41560-021-00831-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00831-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Jin Wen & Yicheng Zhao & Pu Wu & Yuxuan Liu & Xuntian Zheng & Renxing Lin & Sushu Wan & Ke Li & Haowen Luo & Yuxi Tian & Ludong Li & Hairen Tan, 2023. "Heterojunction formed via 3D-to-2D perovskite conversion for photostable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Soonil Hong & Jinho Lee, 2022. "Recent Advances and Challenges toward Efficient Perovskite/Organic Integrated Solar Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Haitao Zhou & Kai Cai & Shiqi Yu & Zhenhan Wang & Zhuang Xiong & Zema Chu & Xinbo Chu & Qi Jiang & Jingbi You, 2024. "Efficient and stable perovskite mini-module via high-quality homogeneous perovskite crystallization and improved interconnect," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Jarla Thiesbrummel & Sahil Shah & Emilio Gutierrez-Partida & Fengshuo Zu & Francisco Peña-Camargo & Stefan Zeiske & Jonas Diekmann & Fangyuan Ye & Karol P. Peters & Kai O. Brinkmann & Pietro Capriogli, 2024. "Ion-induced field screening as a dominant factor in perovskite solar cell operational stability," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 9(6), pages 664-676, June.
    5. Hasitha C. Weerasinghe & Nasiruddin Macadam & Jueng-Eun Kim & Luke J. Sutherland & Dechan Angmo & Leonard W. T. Ng & Andrew D. Scully & Fiona Glenn & Regine Chantler & Nathan L. Chang & Mohammad Dehgh, 2024. "The first demonstration of entirely roll-to-roll fabricated perovskite solar cell modules under ambient room conditions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Vasiliki Paraskeva & Maria Hadjipanayi & Matthew Norton & Aranzazu Aguirre & Afshin Hadipour & Wenya Song & Tommaso Fontanot & Silke Christiansen & Rita Ebner & George E. Georghiou, 2023. "Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Shuxian Du & Hao Huang & Zhineng Lan & Peng Cui & Liang Li & Min Wang & Shujie Qu & Luyao Yan & Changxu Sun & Yingying Yang & Xinxin Wang & Meicheng Li, 2024. "Inhibiting perovskite decomposition by a creeper-inspired strategy enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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