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Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

Author

Listed:
  • Vasiliki Paraskeva

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., Nicosia 1678, Cyprus)

  • Maria Hadjipanayi

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., Nicosia 1678, Cyprus)

  • Matthew Norton

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., Nicosia 1678, Cyprus)

  • Aranzazu Aguirre

    (Imec, Imo-Imomec, Thin Film PV Technology–Partner in Solliance, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
    EnergyVille, Imo-Imomec, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Imo-Imomec, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium)

  • Afshin Hadipour

    (Department of Physics, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait)

  • Wenya Song

    (Imec, Imo-Imomec, Thin Film PV Technology–Partner in Solliance, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
    EnergyVille, Imo-Imomec, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Imo-Imomec, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium)

  • Tommaso Fontanot

    (Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Äußere Nürnberger Str. 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany)

  • Silke Christiansen

    (Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Äußere Nürnberger Str. 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany
    Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, 91058 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Rita Ebner

    (Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria)

  • George E. Georghiou

    (FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., Nicosia 1678, Cyprus)

Abstract

The outdoor performance monitoring of perovskite modules over 16 weeks is reported. Two different types of active perovskite layers were studied: one type contained formamidinium chloride (FACl) halide additives and the other contained no additives with the main purpose to investigate performance trends during the outdoor exposure of those type of devices. Long-term side-by-side outdoor testing of devices with and without halide additives was not implemented in the past and merits investigation in order to determine the impact of additives on perovskite performance and stability. Although the two types of modules displayed similar initial outdoor performance characteristics, their outdoor performance evolution differed. Different degradation rates between the modules with and without additives were obtained just after field installation. In particular, the modules with additives exhibited higher performance degradation under open-circuit loading conditions between current-voltage (IV) scans. Long-term monitoring of both modules recorded a reduction of the efficiency over the course of the day with subsequent recovery overnight and in many cases during the day. The relative values of performance degradation and overnight recovery were calculated over the timespan of outdoor testing and indicated dominant normalized diurnal performance degradation in one type of modules (without FACl additives) in the range between 15–20% and in the other type of modules (with additives) 5–10%. The dominant normalized performance recovery values found were 25–30% and 5–10%, respectively. Finally, dark lock-in thermography (DLIT) and Raman studies were performed on the exposed devices and revealed differences in hotspot evolution and vibrational modes between the different types of module.

Suggested Citation

  • Vasiliki Paraskeva & Maria Hadjipanayi & Matthew Norton & Aranzazu Aguirre & Afshin Hadipour & Wenya Song & Tommaso Fontanot & Silke Christiansen & Rita Ebner & George E. Georghiou, 2023. "Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2608-:d:1092926
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Konrad Domanski & Essa A. Alharbi & Anders Hagfeldt & Michael Grätzel & Wolfgang Tress, 2018. "Systematic investigation of the impact of operation conditions on the degradation behaviour of perovskite solar cells," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 61-67, January.
    2. Wolfgang Tress & Konrad Domanski & Brian Carlsen & Anand Agarwalla & Essa A. Alharbi & Michael Graetzel & Anders Hagfeldt, 2019. "Performance of perovskite solar cells under simulated temperature-illumination real-world operating conditions," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(7), pages 568-574, July.
    3. Yehao Deng & Shuang Xu & Shangshang Chen & Xun Xiao & Jingjing Zhao & Jinsong Huang, 2021. "Defect compensation in formamidinium–caesium perovskites for highly efficient solar mini-modules with improved photostability," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(6), pages 633-641, June.
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