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Solvatochromic covalent organic frameworks

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Ascherl

    (University of Munich (LMU))

  • Emrys W. Evans

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Matthias Hennemann

    (Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Daniele Di Nuzzo

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Alexander G. Hufnagel

    (University of Munich (LMU))

  • Michael Beetz

    (University of Munich (LMU))

  • Richard H. Friend

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Timothy Clark

    (Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Thomas Bein

    (University of Munich (LMU))

  • Florian Auras

    (University of Cambridge)

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of highly tuneable crystalline, porous materials. Here we report the first COFs that change their electronic structure reversibly depending on the surrounding atmosphere. These COFs can act as solid-state supramolecular solvatochromic sensors that show a strong colour change when exposed to humidity or solvent vapours, dependent on vapour concentration and solvent polarity. The excellent accessibility of the pores in vertically oriented films results in ultrafast response times below 200 ms, outperforming commercially available humidity sensors by more than an order of magnitude. Employing a solvatochromic COF film as a vapour-sensitive light filter, we demonstrate a fast humidity sensor with full reversibility and stability over at least 4000 cycles. Considering their immense chemical diversity and modular design, COFs with fine-tuned solvatochromic properties could broaden the range of possible applications for these materials in sensing and optoelectronics.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Ascherl & Emrys W. Evans & Matthias Hennemann & Daniele Di Nuzzo & Alexander G. Hufnagel & Michael Beetz & Richard H. Friend & Timothy Clark & Thomas Bein & Florian Auras, 2018. "Solvatochromic covalent organic frameworks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-06161-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06161-w
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    Cited by:

    1. Rengan Luo & Haifeng Lv & Qiaobo Liao & Ningning Wang & Jiarui Yang & Yang Li & Kai Xi & Xiaojun Wu & Huangxian Ju & Jianping Lei, 2021. "Intrareticular charge transfer regulated electrochemiluminescence of donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Song Wang & Yangyang Han & Vaishnavi Amarr Reddy & Mervin Chun-Yi Ang & Gabriel Sánchez-Velázquez & Jolly Madathiparambil Saju & Yunteng Cao & Duc Thinh Khong & Praveen Kumar Jayapal & Raju Cheerlavan, 2024. "Chromatic covalent organic frameworks enabling in-vivo chemical tomography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Yangyang Xu & Tu Sun & Tengwu Zeng & Xiangyu Zhang & Xuan Yao & Shan Liu & Zhaolin Shi & Wen Wen & Yingbo Zhao & Shan Jiang & Yanhang Ma & Yue-Biao Zhang, 2023. "Symmetry-breaking dynamics in a tautomeric 3D covalent organic framework," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Qing Hao & Xiao-Rui Ren & Yichen Chen & Chao Zhao & Jingyi Xu & Dong Wang & Hong Liu, 2023. "A sweat-responsive covalent organic framework film for material-based liveness detection and sweat pore analysis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. Gobinda Das & Bikash Garai & Thirumurugan Prakasam & Farah Benyettou & Sabu Varghese & Sudhir Kumar Sharma & Felipe Gándara & Renu Pasricha & Maria Baias & Ramesh Jagannathan & Na’il Saleh & Mourad El, 2022. "Fluorescence turn on amine detection in a cationic covalent organic framework," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.

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