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A pathogen effector HaRxL10 hijacks the circadian clock component CHE to perturb both plant development and immunity

Author

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  • Mengyao Fu

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Yaoyu Zhou

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Xin Zhang

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Keyi Yang

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Yufeng Xu

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Xingwei Wang

    (Peking University
    Center for Life Sciences)

  • Zhaodan Chen

    (Nanjing Agricultural University)

  • Yu Wang

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Yabo Shi

    (Peking University
    Center for Life Sciences)

  • Lin Ma

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Hanguang Liu

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

  • Yuhua Deng

    (Peking University
    Center for Life Sciences)

  • Shujing Cheng

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jinfang Chu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jingyi Song

    (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

  • Tongjun Sun

    (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

  • Yuanchao Wang

    (Nanjing Agricultural University)

  • Wei Wang

    (Peking University
    Center for Life Sciences)

  • Mian Zhou

    (Capital Normal University
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement)

Abstract

The intertwining between the life cycle of plants and their pathogens made the plant circadian clock an integral constituent of the plant immune system. Reciprocally, pathogens were also found to perturb the expression pattern of certain clock genes. However, how pathogens influence clock components remains largely unknown. Here we show that an oomycete effector HaRxL10 directly targets Arabidopsis central clock component CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE) to manipulate its function. HaRxL10 stabilises CHE by disrupting E3 ligase ZEITLUPE-mediated CHE protein degradation. Surprisingly, the accumulation of CHE does not enhance but rather suppresses CHE function, inhibiting its binding to the downstream gene promoter. HaRxL10 triggers reprogramming of the transcriptome including expression of genes related to circadian oscillations. Moreover, HaRxL10 hijacks CHE to repress plant immunity and manipulate physiological processes, including hypocotyl growth and flowering. Taken together, our study discovers the first plant pathogen effector that directly targets a plant circadian clock component and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Mengyao Fu & Yaoyu Zhou & Xin Zhang & Keyi Yang & Yufeng Xu & Xingwei Wang & Zhaodan Chen & Yu Wang & Yabo Shi & Lin Ma & Hanguang Liu & Yuhua Deng & Shujing Cheng & Jinfang Chu & Jingyi Song & Tongju, 2025. "A pathogen effector HaRxL10 hijacks the circadian clock component CHE to perturb both plant development and immunity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-56787-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56787-w
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    1. Jing Chen & Yanxiao Zhao & Xuanjie Luo & Hao Hong & Tongqing Yang & Shen Huang & Chunli Wang & Hongyu Chen & Xin Qian & Mingfeng Feng & Zhengqiang Chen & Yongxin Dong & Zhenchuan Ma & Jia Li & Min Zhu, 2023. "NLR surveillance of pathogen interference with hormone receptors induces immunity," Nature, Nature, vol. 613(7942), pages 145-152, January.
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