IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v15y2024i1d10.1038_s41467-024-52838-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators

Author

Listed:
  • Sebastián Castilla

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Hitesh Agarwal

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Ioannis Vangelidis

    (University of Ioannina)

  • Yuliy V. Bludov

    (Universidade do Minho
    Universidade do Minho)

  • David Alcaraz Iranzo

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Adrià Grabulosa

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Matteo Ceccanti

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy

    (Universidade do Minho
    Universidade do Minho
    International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL))

  • Roshan Krishna Kumar

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology)

  • Eli Janzen

    (Kansas State University)

  • James H. Edgar

    (Kansas State University)

  • Kenji Watanabe

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Takashi Taniguchi

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Nuno M. R. Peres

    (Universidade do Minho
    Universidade do Minho
    International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL)
    University of Southern Denmark)

  • Elefterios Lidorikis

    (University of Ioannina
    Institute of Materials Science and Computing)

  • Frank H. L. Koppens

    (The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
    ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats)

Abstract

One of the most captivating properties of polaritons is their capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. This confinement is even more extreme in two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D polaritons have been investigated by optical measurements using an external photodetector. However, their effective spectrally resolved electrical detection via far-field excitation remains unexplored. This hinders their exploitation in crucial applications such as sensing, hyperspectral imaging, and optical spectrometry, banking on their potential for integration with silicon technologies. Herein, we present the electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators based on a high-quality 2D-material heterostructure, which serves at the same time as the photodetector and the polaritonic platform. Subsequently, we electrically detect these mid-infrared resonators by near-field coupling to a graphene pn-junction. The nanoresonators simultaneously exhibit extreme lateral confinement and high-quality factors. This work opens a venue for investigating this tunable and complex hybrid system and its use in compact sensing and imaging platforms.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastián Castilla & Hitesh Agarwal & Ioannis Vangelidis & Yuliy V. Bludov & David Alcaraz Iranzo & Adrià Grabulosa & Matteo Ceccanti & Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy & Roshan Krishna Kumar & Eli Janzen & Jam, 2024. "Electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-52838-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52838-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52838-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-024-52838-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sebastián Castilla & Ioannis Vangelidis & Varun-Varma Pusapati & Jordan Goldstein & Marta Autore & Tetiana Slipchenko & Khannan Rajendran & Seyoon Kim & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Luis Martí, 2020. "Plasmonic antenna coupling to hyperbolic phonon-polaritons for sensitive and fast mid-infrared photodetection with graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. S. L. Moore & C. J. Ciccarino & D. Halbertal & L. J. McGilly & N. R. Finney & K. Yao & Y. Shao & G. Ni & A. Sternbach & E. J. Telford & B. S. Kim & S. E. Rossi & K. Watanabe & T. Taniguchi & A. N. Pas, 2021. "Nanoscale lattice dynamics in hexagonal boron nitride moiré superlattices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Alireza Safaei & Sayan Chandra & Muhammad Waqas Shabbir & Michael N. Leuenberger & Debashis Chanda, 2019. "Dirac plasmon-assisted asymmetric hot carrier generation for room-temperature infrared detection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. In-Ho Lee & Mingze He & Xi Zhang & Yujie Luo & Song Liu & James H. Edgar & Ke Wang & Phaedon Avouris & Tony Low & Joshua D. Caldwell & Sang-Hyun Oh, 2020. "Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. S. Dai & Q. Ma & T. Andersen & A. S. Mcleod & Z. Fei & M. K. Liu & M. Wagner & K. Watanabe & T. Taniguchi & M. Thiemens & F. Keilmann & P. Jarillo-Herrero & M. M. Fogler & D. N. Basov, 2015. "Subdiffractional focusing and guiding of polaritonic rays in a natural hyperbolic material," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-7, November.
    6. Hai Hu & Xiaoxia Yang & Xiangdong Guo & Kaveh Khaliji & Sudipta Romen Biswas & F. Javier García de Abajo & Tony Low & Zhipei Sun & Qing Dai, 2019. "Gas identification with graphene plasmons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
    7. Filippo Pizzocchero & Lene Gammelgaard & Bjarke S. Jessen & José M. Caridad & Lei Wang & James Hone & Peter Bøggild & Timothy J. Booth, 2016. "The hot pick-up technique for batch assembly of van der Waals heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-10, September.
    8. G. X. Ni & A. S. McLeod & Z. Sun & L. Wang & L. Xiong & K. W. Post & S. S. Sunku & B.-Y. Jiang & J. Hone & C. R. Dean & M. M. Fogler & D. N. Basov, 2018. "Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics," Nature, Nature, vol. 557(7706), pages 530-533, May.
    9. Denis A. Bandurin & Dmitry Svintsov & Igor Gayduchenko & Shuigang G. Xu & Alessandro Principi & Maxim Moskotin & Ivan Tretyakov & Denis Yagodkin & Sergey Zhukov & Takashi Taniguchi & Kenji Watanabe & , 2018. "Resonant terahertz detection using graphene plasmons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Marcus Freitag & Tony Low & Wenjuan Zhu & Hugen Yan & Fengnian Xia & Phaedon Avouris, 2013. "Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, October.
    11. Weiliang Ma & Pablo Alonso-González & Shaojuan Li & Alexey Y. Nikitin & Jian Yuan & Javier Martín-Sánchez & Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez & Iban Amenabar & Peining Li & Saül Vélez & Christopher Tollan & Zh, 2018. "In-plane anisotropic and ultra-low-loss polaritons in a natural van der Waals crystal," Nature, Nature, vol. 562(7728), pages 557-562, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andrei Bylinkin & Sebastián Castilla & Tetiana M. Slipchenko & Kateryna Domina & Francesco Calavalle & Varun-Varma Pusapati & Marta Autore & Fèlix Casanova & Luis E. Hueso & Luis Martín-Moreno & Alexe, 2024. "On-chip phonon-enhanced IR near-field detection of molecular vibrations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Hongwei Wang & Anshuman Kumar & Siyuan Dai & Xiao Lin & Zubin Jacob & Sang-Hyun Oh & Vinod Menon & Evgenii Narimanov & Young Duck Kim & Jian-Ping Wang & Phaedon Avouris & Luis Martin Moreno & Joshua C, 2024. "Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. J. Álvarez-Cuervo & M. Obst & S. Dixit & G. Carini & A. I. F. Tresguerres-Mata & C. Lanza & E. Terán-García & G. Álvarez-Pérez & L. F. Álvarez-Tomillo & K. Diaz-Granados & R. Kowalski & A. S. Senerath, 2024. "Unidirectional ray polaritons in twisted asymmetric stacks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Xiang Ni & Giulia Carini & Weiliang Ma & Enrico Maria Renzi & Emanuele Galiffi & Sören Wasserroth & Martin Wolf & Peining Li & Alexander Paarmann & Andrea Alù, 2023. "Observation of directional leaky polaritons at anisotropic crystal interfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Joseph Matson & Sören Wasserroth & Xiang Ni & Maximilian Obst & Katja Diaz-Granados & Giulia Carini & Enrico Maria Renzi & Emanuele Galiffi & Thomas G. Folland & Lukas M. Eng & J. Michael Klopf & Stef, 2023. "Controlling the propagation asymmetry of hyperbolic shear polaritons in beta-gallium oxide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    6. Yixi Zhou & Adrien Waelchli & Margherita Boselli & Iris Crassee & Adrien Bercher & Weiwei Luo & Jiahua Duan & J.L.M. Mechelen & Dirk Marel & Jérémie Teyssier & Carl Willem Rischau & Lukas Korosec & St, 2023. "Thermal and electrostatic tuning of surface phonon-polaritons in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    7. Mingze He & Joseph R. Matson & Mingyu Yu & Angela Cleri & Sai S. Sunku & Eli Janzen & Stefan Mastel & Thomas G. Folland & James H. Edgar & D. N. Basov & Jon-Paul Maria & Stephanie Law & Joshua D. Cald, 2023. "Polariton design and modulation via van der Waals/doped semiconductor heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    8. Hanchao Teng & Na Chen & Hai Hu & F. Javier García de Abajo & Qing Dai, 2024. "Steering and cloaking of hyperbolic polaritons at deep-subwavelength scales," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    9. Daniel J. Rizzo & Eric Seewald & Fangzhou Zhao & Jordan Cox & Kaichen Xie & Rocco A. Vitalone & Francesco L. Ruta & Daniel G. Chica & Yinming Shao & Sara Shabani & Evan J. Telford & Matthew C. Strasbo, 2025. "Engineering anisotropic electrodynamics at the graphene/CrSBr interface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. H. Shiravi & A. Gupta & B. R. Ortiz & S. Cui & B. Yu & E. Uykur & A. A. Tsirlin & S. D. Wilson & Z. Sun & G. X. Ni, 2024. "Plasmons in the Kagome metal CsV3Sb5," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    11. Hai Hu & Renwen Yu & Hanchao Teng & Debo Hu & Na Chen & Yunpeng Qu & Xiaoxia Yang & Xinzhong Chen & A. S. McLeod & Pablo Alonso-González & Xiangdong Guo & Chi Li & Ziheng Yao & Zhenjun Li & Jianing Ch, 2022. "Active control of micrometer plasmon propagation in suspended graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    12. Rao Fu & Yusong Qu & Mengfei Xue & Xinghui Liu & Shengyao Chen & Yongqian Zhao & Runkun Chen & Boxuan Li & Hongming Weng & Qian Liu & Qing Dai & Jianing Chen, 2024. "Manipulating hyperbolic transient plasmons in a layered semiconductor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    13. Xuecou Tu & Yichen Zhang & Shuyu Zhou & Wenjing Tang & Xu Yan & Yunjie Rui & Wohu Wang & Bingnan Yan & Chen Zhang & Ziyao Ye & Hongkai Shi & Runfeng Su & Chao Wan & Daxing Dong & Ruiying Xu & Qing-Yua, 2024. "Tamm-cavity terahertz detector," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    14. Lukas Conrads & Luis Schüler & Konstantin G. Wirth & Matthias Wuttig & Thomas Taubner, 2024. "Direct programming of confined surface phonon polariton resonators with the plasmonic phase-change material In3SbTe2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    15. Robin Huber & Max-Niklas Steffen & Martin Drienovsky & Andreas Sandner & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Daniela Pfannkuche & Dieter Weiss & Jonathan Eroms, 2022. "Band conductivity oscillations in a gate-tunable graphene superlattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    16. Wang, Jian & Wang, Yincheng & Dong, Xiaoshan & Hu, Yongjie & Tao, Junyu & Kumar, Akash & Yan, Beibei & Chen, Yuxuan & Su, Hong & Chen, Guanyi, 2024. "Insights into behaviors of functional groups in biomass derived products during aqueous phase reforming over Ni/α-MoO3 catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    17. Ruijuan Xu & Iris Crassee & Hans A. Bechtel & Yixi Zhou & Adrien Bercher & Lukas Korosec & Carl Willem Rischau & Jérémie Teyssier & Kevin J. Crust & Yonghun Lee & Stephanie N. Gilbert Corder & Jiarui , 2024. "Highly confined epsilon-near-zero and surface phonon polaritons in SrTiO3 membranes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    18. Egor I. Kiselev & Mark S. Rudner & Netanel H. Lindner, 2024. "Inducing exceptional points, enhancing plasmon quality and creating correlated plasmon states with modulated Floquet parametric driving," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    19. Eva Arianna Aurelia Pogna & Leonardo Viti & Antonio Politano & Massimo Brambilla & Gaetano Scamarcio & Miriam Serena Vitiello, 2021. "Mapping propagation of collective modes in Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te2.2Se0.8 topological insulators by near-field terahertz nanoscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    20. Jiangang Chen & Zhixing Wen & Fan Yang & Renji Bian & Qirui Zhang & Er Pan & Yuelei Zeng & Xiao Luo & Qing Liu & Liang-Jian Deng & Fucai Liu, 2025. "Refreshable memristor via dynamic allocation of ferro-ionic phase for neural reuse," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-52838-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.