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Second harmonic generation at a time-varying interface

Author

Listed:
  • Romain Tirole

    (Imperial College London)

  • Stefano Vezzoli

    (Imperial College London)

  • Dhruv Saxena

    (Imperial College London)

  • Shu Yang

    (Imperial College London)

  • T. V. Raziman

    (Imperial College London)

  • Emanuele Galiffi

    (City University of New York)

  • Stefan A. Maier

    (Imperial College London
    Monash University)

  • John B. Pendry

    (Imperial College London)

  • Riccardo Sapienza

    (Imperial College London)

Abstract

Time-varying metamaterials rely on large and fast changes of the linear permittivity. Beyond the linear terms, however, the effect of a non-perturbative modulation of the medium on harmonic generation remains largely unexplored. In this work, we study second harmonic generation at an optically pumped time-varying interface between air and a 310 nm Indium Tin Oxide film. We observe a modulation contrast at the second harmonic wavelength up to 93% for a pump intensity of 100 GW/cm2, leading to large frequency broadening and shift. We experimentally demonstrate that a significant contribution to the enhancement comes from the temporal modulation of the second order nonlinear susceptibility. Moreover, we show the frequency-modulated spectra resulting from single and double-slit time diffraction could be exploited for enhanced optical computing and sensing, enabling broadband time-varying effects on the harmonic signal and extending the application of Epsilon-Near-Zero materials to the visible range.

Suggested Citation

  • Romain Tirole & Stefano Vezzoli & Dhruv Saxena & Shu Yang & T. V. Raziman & Emanuele Galiffi & Stefan A. Maier & John B. Pendry & Riccardo Sapienza, 2024. "Second harmonic generation at a time-varying interface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-51588-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51588-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yiyu Zhou & M. Zahirul Alam & Mohammad Karimi & Jeremy Upham & Orad Reshef & Cong Liu & Alan E. Willner & Robert W. Boyd, 2020. "Broadband frequency translation through time refraction in an epsilon-near-zero material," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Justus Bohn & Ting Shan Luk & Craig Tollerton & Sam W. Hutchings & Igal Brener & Simon Horsley & William L. Barnes & Euan Hendry, 2021. "Author Correction: All-optical switching of an epsilon-near-zero plasmon resonance in indium tin oxide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-1, December.
    3. Maxim R. Shcherbakov & Kevin Werner & Zhiyuan Fan & Noah Talisa & Enam Chowdhury & Gennady Shvets, 2019. "Photon acceleration and tunable broadband harmonics generation in nonlinear time-dependent metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Justus Bohn & Ting Shan Luk & Craig Tollerton & Sam W. Hutchings & Igal Brener & Simon Horsley & William L. Barnes & Euan Hendry, 2021. "All-optical switching of an epsilon-near-zero plasmon resonance in indium tin oxide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
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