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Rare de novo damaging DNA variants are enriched in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and implicate risk genes

Author

Listed:
  • Emily Olfson

    (Yale University
    Yale University)

  • Luis C. Farhat

    (Yale University
    Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Wenzhong Liu

    (Yale University)

  • Lawrence A. Vitulano

    (Yale University)

  • Gwyneth Zai

    (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
    University of Toronto)

  • Monicke O. Lima

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Justin Parent

    (University of Rhode Island
    E.P. Bradley Hospital
    Alpert Medical School of Brown University)

  • Guilherme V. Polanczyk

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Carolina Cappi

    (Department of Psychiatry at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital)

  • James L. Kennedy

    (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
    University of Toronto)

  • Thomas V. Fernandez

    (Yale University
    Yale University)

Abstract

Research demonstrates the important role of genetic factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DNA sequencing of families provides a powerful approach for identifying de novo (spontaneous) variants, leading to the discovery of hundreds of clinically informative risk genes for other childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. This approach has yet to be extensively leveraged in ADHD. We conduct whole-exome DNA sequencing in 152 families, comprising a child with ADHD and both biological parents, and demonstrate a significant enrichment of rare and ultra-rare de novo gene-damaging mutations in ADHD cases compared to unaffected controls. Combining these results with a large independent case-control DNA sequencing cohort (3206 ADHD cases and 5002 controls), we identify lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) as a high-confidence risk gene for ADHD and estimate that 1057 genes contribute to ADHD risk. Using our list of genes harboring ultra-rare de novo damaging variants, we show that these genes overlap with previously reported risk genes for other neuropsychiatric conditions and are enriched in several canonical biological pathways, suggesting early neurodevelopmental underpinnings of ADHD. This work provides insight into the biology of ADHD and demonstrates the discovery potential of DNA sequencing in larger parent-child trio cohorts.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily Olfson & Luis C. Farhat & Wenzhong Liu & Lawrence A. Vitulano & Gwyneth Zai & Monicke O. Lima & Justin Parent & Guilherme V. Polanczyk & Carolina Cappi & James L. Kennedy & Thomas V. Fernandez, 2024. "Rare de novo damaging DNA variants are enriched in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and implicate risk genes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-50247-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50247-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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