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Observation of discrete-light temporal refraction by moving potentials with broken Galilean invariance

Author

Listed:
  • Chengzhi Qin

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Han Ye

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Shulin Wang

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Lange Zhao

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Menglin Liu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Yinglan Li

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Xinyuan Hu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Chenyu Liu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Bing Wang

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Stefano Longhi

    (Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32
    Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos)

  • Peixiang Lu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology
    Wuhan Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Refraction is a basic beam bending effect at two media’s interface. While traditional studies focus on stationary boundaries, moving boundaries or potentials could enable new laws of refractions. Meanwhile, media’s discretization plays a pivotal role in refraction owing to Galilean invariance breaking principle in discrete-wave mechanics, making refraction highly moving-speed dependent. Here, by harnessing a synthetic temporal lattice in a fiber-loop circuit, we observe discrete time refraction by a moving gauge-potential barrier. We unveil the selection rules for the potential moving speed, which can only take an integer v = 1 or fractional v = 1/q (odd q) value to guarantee a well-defined refraction. We observe reflectionless/reflective refractions for v = 1 and v = 1/3 speeds, transparent potentials with vanishing refraction/reflection, refraction of dynamic moving potential and refraction for relativistic Zitterbewegung effect. Our findings may feature applications in versatile time control and measurement for optical communications and signal processing.

Suggested Citation

  • Chengzhi Qin & Han Ye & Shulin Wang & Lange Zhao & Menglin Liu & Yinglan Li & Xinyuan Hu & Chenyu Liu & Bing Wang & Stefano Longhi & Peixiang Lu, 2024. "Observation of discrete-light temporal refraction by moving potentials with broken Galilean invariance," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49747-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49747-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shulin Wang & Chengzhi Qin & Weiwei Liu & Bing Wang & Feng Zhou & Han Ye & Lange Zhao & Jianji Dong & Xinliang Zhang & Stefano Longhi & Peixiang Lu, 2022. "High-order dynamic localization and tunable temporal cloaking in ac-electric-field driven synthetic lattices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Alexander A. High & Robert C. Devlin & Alan Dibos & Mark Polking & Dominik S. Wild & Janos Perczel & Nathalie P. de Leon & Mikhail D. Lukin & Hongkun Park, 2015. "Visible-frequency hyperbolic metasurface," Nature, Nature, vol. 522(7555), pages 192-196, June.
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    4. Pei-Chen Kuan & Chang Huang & Wei Sheng Chan & Sandoko Kosen & Shau-Yu Lan, 2016. "Large Fizeau’s light-dragging effect in a moving electromagnetically induced transparent medium," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-6, December.
    5. Demetrios N. Christodoulides & Falk Lederer & Yaron Silberberg, 2003. "Discretizing light behaviour in linear and nonlinear waveguide lattices," Nature, Nature, vol. 424(6950), pages 817-823, August.
    6. Alois Regensburger & Christoph Bersch & Mohammad-Ali Miri & Georgy Onishchukov & Demetrios N. Christodoulides & Ulf Peschel, 2012. "Parity–time synthetic photonic lattices," Nature, Nature, vol. 488(7410), pages 167-171, August.
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