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Intraspecific diploidization of a halophyte root fungus drives heterosis

Author

Listed:
  • Zhongfeng Li

    (Chinese Academy of Forestry
    Chinese Academy of Forestry)

  • Zhiyong Zhu

    (Chinese Academy of Forestry
    Chinese Academy of Forestry
    Nanjing Forestry University)

  • Kun Qian

    (Zhejiang University
    La Trobe University)

  • Boping Tang

    (Yancheng Teachers University)

  • Baocai Han

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Zhenhui Zhong

    (Sichuan University)

  • Tao Fu

    (Shenzhen Zhuoyun Haizhi Medical Research Center Co., Ltd)

  • Peng Zhou

    (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

  • Eva H. Stukenbrock

    (Christian-Albrechts University
    Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology)

  • Francis M. Martin

    (Chinese Academy of Forestry
    Centre INRAE Grand Est—Nancy)

  • Zhilin Yuan

    (Chinese Academy of Forestry
    Chinese Academy of Forestry)

Abstract

How organisms respond to environmental stress is a key topic in evolutionary biology. This study focused on the genomic evolution of Laburnicola rhizohalophila, a dark-septate endophytic fungus from roots of a halophyte. Chromosome-level assemblies were generated from five representative isolates from structured subpopulations. The data revealed significant genomic plasticity resulting from chromosomal polymorphisms created by fusion and fission events, known as dysploidy. Analyses of genomic features, phylogenomics, and macrosynteny have provided clear evidence for the origin of intraspecific diploid-like hybrids. Notably, one diploid phenotype stood out as an outlier and exhibited a conditional fitness advantage when exposed to a range of abiotic stresses compared with its parents. By comparing the gene expression patterns in each hybrid parent triad under the four growth conditions, the mechanisms underlying growth vigor were corroborated through an analysis of transgressively upregulated genes enriched in membrane glycerolipid biosynthesis and transmembrane transporter activity. In vitro assays suggested increased membrane integrity and lipid accumulation, as well as decreased malondialdehyde production under optimal salt conditions (0.3 M NaCl) in the hybrid. These attributes have been implicated in salinity tolerance. This study supports the notion that hybridization-induced genome doubling leads to the emergence of phenotypic innovations in an extremophilic endophyte.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhongfeng Li & Zhiyong Zhu & Kun Qian & Boping Tang & Baocai Han & Zhenhui Zhong & Tao Fu & Peng Zhou & Eva H. Stukenbrock & Francis M. Martin & Zhilin Yuan, 2024. "Intraspecific diploidization of a halophyte root fungus drives heterosis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49468-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49468-7
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