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Ambient air pollution and urological cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Jinhui Li

    (Stanford University Medical Center)

  • Zhengyi Deng

    (Stanford University Medical Center)

  • Simon John Christoph Soerensen

    (Stanford University Medical Center
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Linda Kachuri

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Andres Cardenas

    (Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Rebecca E. Graff

    (University of California, San Francisco)

  • John T. Leppert

    (Stanford University Medical Center
    Stanford University School of Medicine
    Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System)

  • Marvin E. Langston

    (Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Benjamin I. Chung

    (Stanford University Medical Center)

Abstract

Exposure to ambient air pollution has significant adverse health effects; however, whether air pollution is associated with urological cancer is largely unknown. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with epidemiological studies, showing that a 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure is associated with a 6%, 7%, and 9%, increased risk of overall urological, bladder, and kidney cancer, respectively; and a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 is linked to a 3%, 4%, and 4% higher risk of overall urological, bladder, and prostate cancer, respectively. Were these associations to reflect causal relationships, lowering PM2.5 levels to 5.8 μg/m3 could reduce the age-standardized rate of urological cancer by 1.5 ~ 27/100,000 across the 15 countries with the highest PM2.5 level from the top 30 countries with the highest urological cancer burden. Implementing global health policies that can improve air quality could potentially reduce the risk of urologic cancer and alleviate its burden.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinhui Li & Zhengyi Deng & Simon John Christoph Soerensen & Linda Kachuri & Andres Cardenas & Rebecca E. Graff & John T. Leppert & Marvin E. Langston & Benjamin I. Chung, 2024. "Ambient air pollution and urological cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-48857-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48857-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lifeng Lin & Haitao Chu & James S. Hodges, 2017. "Alternative measures of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Reducing the impact of outlying studies," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 73(1), pages 156-166, March.
    2. Miyoun Shin & Ok-Jin Kim & Seongwoo Yang & Seung-Ah Choe & Sun-Young Kim, 2022. "Different Mortality Risks of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter across Different Cancer Sites," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Hsin-Ling Yeh & Shang-Wei Hsu & Yu-Chia Chang & Ta-Chien Chan & Hui-Chen Tsou & Yen-Chen Chang & Po-Huang Chiang, 2017. "Spatial Analysis of Ambient PM 2.5 Exposure and Bladder Cancer Mortality in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Khalid Al-Ahmadi & Ali Al-Zahrani, 2013. "NO 2 and Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.
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