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Spatial Autocorrelation of Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Khalid Al-Ahmadi

    (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali Al-Zahrani

    (King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Little is known about the geographic distribution of common cancers in Saudi Arabia. We explored the spatial incidence patterns of common cancers in Saudi Arabia using spatial autocorrelation analyses, employing the global Moran’s I and Anselin’s local Moran’s I statistics to detect nonrandom incidence patterns. Global ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and local geographically-weighted regression (GWR) were applied to examine the spatial correlation of cancer incidences at the city level. Population-based records of cancers diagnosed between 1998 and 2004 were used. Male lung cancer and female breast cancer exhibited positive statistically significant global Moran’s I index values, indicating a tendency toward clustering. The Anselin’s local Moran’s I analyses revealed small significant clusters of lung cancer, prostate cancer and Hodgkin’s disease among males in the Eastern region and significant clusters of thyroid cancers in females in the Eastern and Riyadh regions. Additionally, both regression methods found significant associations among various cancers. For example, OLS and GWR revealed significant spatial associations among NHL, leukemia and Hodgkin’s disease (r² = 0.49–0.67 using OLS and r² = 0.52–0.68 using GWR) and between breast and prostate cancer (r² = 0.53 OLS and 0.57 GWR) in Saudi Arabian cities. These findings may help to generate etiologic hypotheses of cancer causation and identify spatial anomalies in cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia. Our findings should stimulate further research on the possible causes underlying these clusters and associations.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalid Al-Ahmadi & Ali Al-Zahrani, 2013. "Spatial Autocorrelation of Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:12:p:7207-7228:d:31387
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Khalid Al-Ahmadi & Ali Al-Zahrani, 2013. "NO 2 and Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Cockings, Samantha & Martin, David, 2005. "Zone design for environment and health studies using pre-aggregated data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(12), pages 2729-2742, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yusuf A. Aina & Johannes H. Van der Merwe & Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, 2014. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Daniel A. Griffith & Yongwan Chun & Monghyeon Lee, 2020. "Deeper Spatial Statistical Insights into Small Geographic Area Data Uncertainty," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Lin Lei & Anyan Huang & Weicong Cai & Ling Liang & Yirong Wang & Fangjiang Liu & Ji Peng, 2020. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Lung Cancer in Shenzhen, 2008–2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Katarína Vilinová, 2020. "Spatial Autocorrelation of Breast and Prostate Cancer in Slovakia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-20, June.

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