IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v10y2013i12p7207-7228d31387.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatial Autocorrelation of Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Khalid Al-Ahmadi

    (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali Al-Zahrani

    (King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Little is known about the geographic distribution of common cancers in Saudi Arabia. We explored the spatial incidence patterns of common cancers in Saudi Arabia using spatial autocorrelation analyses, employing the global Moran’s I and Anselin’s local Moran’s I statistics to detect nonrandom incidence patterns. Global ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and local geographically-weighted regression (GWR) were applied to examine the spatial correlation of cancer incidences at the city level. Population-based records of cancers diagnosed between 1998 and 2004 were used. Male lung cancer and female breast cancer exhibited positive statistically significant global Moran’s I index values, indicating a tendency toward clustering. The Anselin’s local Moran’s I analyses revealed small significant clusters of lung cancer, prostate cancer and Hodgkin’s disease among males in the Eastern region and significant clusters of thyroid cancers in females in the Eastern and Riyadh regions. Additionally, both regression methods found significant associations among various cancers. For example, OLS and GWR revealed significant spatial associations among NHL, leukemia and Hodgkin’s disease (r² = 0.49–0.67 using OLS and r² = 0.52–0.68 using GWR) and between breast and prostate cancer (r² = 0.53 OLS and 0.57 GWR) in Saudi Arabian cities. These findings may help to generate etiologic hypotheses of cancer causation and identify spatial anomalies in cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia. Our findings should stimulate further research on the possible causes underlying these clusters and associations.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalid Al-Ahmadi & Ali Al-Zahrani, 2013. "Spatial Autocorrelation of Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:12:p:7207-7228:d:31387
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7207/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7207/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cockings, Samantha & Martin, David, 2005. "Zone design for environment and health studies using pre-aggregated data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(12), pages 2729-2742, June.
    2. Khalid Al-Ahmadi & Ali Al-Zahrani, 2013. "NO 2 and Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yusuf A. Aina & Johannes H. Van der Merwe & Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, 2014. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Daniel A. Griffith & Yongwan Chun & Monghyeon Lee, 2020. "Deeper Spatial Statistical Insights into Small Geographic Area Data Uncertainty," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Lin Lei & Anyan Huang & Weicong Cai & Ling Liang & Yirong Wang & Fangjiang Liu & Ji Peng, 2020. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Lung Cancer in Shenzhen, 2008–2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Katarína Vilinová, 2020. "Spatial Autocorrelation of Breast and Prostate Cancer in Slovakia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-20, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jinhui Li & Zhengyi Deng & Simon John Christoph Soerensen & Linda Kachuri & Andres Cardenas & Rebecca E. Graff & John T. Leppert & Marvin E. Langston & Benjamin I. Chung, 2024. "Ambient air pollution and urological cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Samantha Cockings & Andrew Harfoot & David Martin & Duncan Hornby, 2013. "Getting the Foundations Right: Spatial Building Blocks for Official Population Statistics," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(6), pages 1403-1420, June.
    3. Ahmad Almatroudi, 2021. "A Retrospective Cohort Study of Lung Cancer Incidences and Epidemiological Analysis in Saudi Arabian Population from 2006–2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-14, November.
    4. I. G. Shuttleworth & C. D. Lloyd & D. J. Martin, 2011. "Exploring the implications of changing census output geographies for the measurement of residential segregation: the example of Northern Ireland 1991–2001," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 174(1), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Severine Deguen & Nina Ahlers & Morgane Gilles & Arlette Danzon & Marion Carayol & Denis Zmirou-Navier & Wahida Kihal-Talantikite, 2018. "Using a Clustering Approach to Investigate Socio-Environmental Inequality in Preterm Birth—A Study Conducted at Fine Spatial Scale in Paris (France)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Yusuf A. Aina & Johannes H. Van der Merwe & Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, 2014. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Satellite-Derived Multi-Year Particulate Data of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    7. Chunzhu Wei & Pablo Cabrera-Barona & Thomas Blaschke, 2016. "Local Geographic Variation of Public Services Inequality: Does the Neighborhood Scale Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, October.
    8. Stafford, Mai & Duke-Williams, Oliver & Shelton, Nicola, 2008. "Small area inequalities in health: Are we underestimating them?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(6), pages 891-899, September.
    9. Samantha Cockings & Andrew Harfoot & David Martin & Duncan Hornby, 2011. "Maintaining Existing Zoning Systems Using Automated Zone-Design Techniques: Methods for Creating the 2011 Census Output Geographies for England and Wales," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(10), pages 2399-2418, October.
    10. Nigel Walford, 2013. "Development and Design of a Web-Based Interface to Address Geographical Incompatibility in Spatial Units," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(7), pages 1713-1733, July.
    11. Chul Sue Hwang & Seong-Yun Hong & TaeKeon Hwang & Byungyun Yang, 2020. "Strengthening the Statistical Summaries of Economic Output Areas for Urban Planning Support Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-21, July.
    12. Flowerdew, Robin & Manley, David J. & Sabel, Clive E., 2008. "Neighbourhood effects on health: Does it matter where you draw the boundaries?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(6), pages 1241-1255, March.
    13. Mi-Kyeong Kim & Sangpil Kim & Hong-Gyoo Sohn, 2018. "Relationship between Spatio-Temporal Travel Patterns Derived from Smart-Card Data and Local Environmental Characteristics of Seoul, Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    14. Rainham, Daniel & McDowell, Ian & Krewski, Daniel & Sawada, Mike, 2010. "Conceptualizing the healthscape: Contributions of time geography, location technologies and spatial ecology to place and health research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(5), pages 668-676, March.
    15. Hanadi Al-Thani & Muammer Koç & Rima J. Isaifan & Yusuf Bicer, 2022. "A Review of the Integrated Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Urban Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-27, August.
    16. Siegel, Martin & Koller, Daniela & Vogt, Verena & Sundmacher, Leonie, 2016. "Developing a composite index of spatial accessibility across different health care sectors: A German example," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 205-212.
    17. Chandra, Aitichya & Sharath, M.N. & Pani, Agnivesh & Sahu, Prasanta K., 2021. "A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach to design optimal zoning systems for freight transportation planning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    18. Chunzhu Wei & Mark Padgham & Pablo Cabrera Barona & Thomas Blaschke, 2017. "Scale-Free Relationships between Social and Landscape Factors in Urban Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, January.
    19. Mahdi-Salim Saib & Julien Caudeville & Florence Carre & Olivier Ganry & Alain Trugeon & Andre Cicolella, 2014. "Spatial Relationship Quantification between Environmental, Socioeconomic and Health Data at Different Geographic Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-22, April.
    20. Cindy M. Padilla & Wahida Kihal-Talantikit & Verónica M. Vieira & Séverine Deguen, 2016. "City-Specific Spatiotemporal Infant and Neonatal Mortality Clusters: Links with Socioeconomic and Air Pollution Spatial Patterns in France," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:12:p:7207-7228:d:31387. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.