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Original COVID-19 priming regimen impacts the immunogenicity of bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 boosters

Author

Listed:
  • Luca M. Zaeck

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Ngoc H. Tan

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Wim J. R. Rietdijk

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Daryl Geers

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Roos S. G. Sablerolles

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Susanne Bogers

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Laura L. A. Dijk

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Lennert Gommers

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Leanne P. M. Leeuwen

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Sharona Rugebregt

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Abraham Goorhuis

    (Amsterdam University Medical Centers
    Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam)

  • Douwe F. Postma

    (University Medical Center Groningen)

  • Leo G. Visser

    (Leiden University Medical Center)

  • Virgil A. S. H. Dalm

    (Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center
    Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Melvin Lafeber

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Neeltje A. Kootstra

    (Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam)

  • Anke L. W. Huckriede

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen)

  • Bart L. Haagmans

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Debbie Baarle

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment)

  • Marion P. G. Koopmans

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • P. Hugo M. Kuy

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Rory D. Vries

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

Abstract

Waning antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination combined with the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage led to reduced vaccine effectiveness. As a countermeasure, bivalent mRNA-based booster vaccines encoding the ancestral spike protein in combination with that of Omicron BA.1 or BA.5 were introduced. Since then, different BA.2-descendent lineages have become dominant, such as XBB.1.5, JN.1, or EG.5.1. Here, we report post-hoc analyses of data from the SWITCH-ON study, assessing how different COVID-19 priming regimens affect the immunogenicity of bivalent booster vaccinations and breakthrough infections (NCT05471440). BA.1 and BA.5 bivalent vaccines boosted neutralizing antibodies and T-cells up to 3 months after boost; however, cross-neutralization of XBB.1.5 was poor. Interestingly, different combinations of prime-boost regimens induced divergent responses: participants primed with Ad26.COV2.S developed lower binding antibody levels after bivalent boost while neutralization and T-cell responses were similar to mRNA-based primed participants. In contrast, the breadth of neutralization was higher in mRNA-primed and bivalent BA.5 boosted participants. Combined, our data further support the current use of monovalent vaccines based on circulating strains when vaccinating risk groups, as recently recommended by the WHO. We emphasize the importance of the continuous assessment of immune responses targeting circulating variants to guide future COVID-19 vaccination policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Luca M. Zaeck & Ngoc H. Tan & Wim J. R. Rietdijk & Daryl Geers & Roos S. G. Sablerolles & Susanne Bogers & Laura L. A. Dijk & Lennert Gommers & Leanne P. M. Leeuwen & Sharona Rugebregt & Abraham Goorh, 2024. "Original COVID-19 priming regimen impacts the immunogenicity of bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 boosters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-48414-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48414-x
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