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Function of bidirectional sensitivity in the otolith organs established by transcription factor Emx2

Author

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  • Young Rae Ji

    (National Institutes of Health
    Sensory & Motor Systems Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI))

  • Yosuke Tona

    (National Institutes of Health
    Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital)

  • Talah Wafa

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Matthew E. Christman

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Edward D. Tourney

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Tao Jiang

    (National Institutes of Health
    Fudan University)

  • Sho Ohta

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Hui Cheng

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Tracy Fitzgerald

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Bernd Fritzsch

    (University of Iowa)

  • Sherri M. Jones

    (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)

  • Kathleen E. Cullen

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Doris K. Wu

    (National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

Otolith organs of the inner ear are innervated by two parallel afferent projections to the brainstem and cerebellum. These innervations were proposed to segregate across the line of polarity reversal (LPR) within each otolith organ, which divides the organ into two regions of hair cells (HC) with opposite stereociliary orientation. The relationship and functional significance of these anatomical features are not known. Here, we show regional expression of Emx2 in otolith organs, which establishes LPR, mediates the neuronal segregation across LPR and constitutes the bidirectional sensitivity function. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Emx2 in HCs lacks LPR. Tmie cKO, in which mechanotransduction was abolished selectively in HCs within the Emx2 expression domain also lacks bidirectional sensitivity. Analyses of both mutants indicate that LPR is specifically required for mice to swim comfortably and to traverse a balance beam efficiently, but LPR is not required for mice to stay on a rotating rod.

Suggested Citation

  • Young Rae Ji & Yosuke Tona & Talah Wafa & Matthew E. Christman & Edward D. Tourney & Tao Jiang & Sho Ohta & Hui Cheng & Tracy Fitzgerald & Bernd Fritzsch & Sherri M. Jones & Kathleen E. Cullen & Doris, 2022. "Function of bidirectional sensitivity in the otolith organs established by transcription factor Emx2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33819-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33819-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kazuya Ono & James Keller & Omar López Ramírez & Antonia González Garrido & Omid A. Zobeiri & Hui Ho Vanessa Chang & Sarath Vijayakumar & Andrianna Ayiotis & Gregg Duester & Charles C. Della Santina &, 2020. "Retinoic acid degradation shapes zonal development of vestibular organs and sensitivity to transient linear accelerations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Pena, Edsel A. & Slate, Elizabeth H., 2006. "Global Validation of Linear Model Assumptions," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 101, pages 341-354, March.
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