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A role for ascorbate conjugates of (+)-catechin in proanthocyanidin polymerization

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  • Keji Yu

    (China Agricultural University
    Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

  • Richard A. Dixon

    (University of North Texas)

  • Changqing Duan

    (China Agricultural University
    Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

Abstract

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are natural polymers of flavan-3-ols, commonly (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. However, exactly how PA oligomerization proceeds is poorly understood. Here we show, both biochemically and genetically, that ascorbate (AsA) is an alternative “starter unit” to flavan-3-ol monomers for leucocyanidin-derived (+)-catechin subunit extension in the Arabidopsis thaliana anthocyanidin synthase (ans) mutant. These (catechin)n:ascorbate conjugates (AsA-[C]n) also accumulate throughout the phase of active PA biosynthesis in wild-type grape flowers, berry skins and seeds. In the presence of (−)-epicatechin, AsA-[C]n can further provide monomeric or oligomeric PA extension units for non-enzymatic polymerization in vitro, and their role in vivo is inferred from analysis of relative metabolite levels in both Arabidopsis and grape. Our findings advance the knowledge of (+)-catechin-type PA extension and indicate that PA oligomerization does not necessarily proceed by sequential addition of a single extension unit. AsA-[C]n defines a new type of PA intermediate which we term “sub-PAs”.

Suggested Citation

  • Keji Yu & Richard A. Dixon & Changqing Duan, 2022. "A role for ascorbate conjugates of (+)-catechin in proanthocyanidin polymerization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31153-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31153-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter C. St. John & Yanfei Guan & Yeonjoon Kim & Seonah Kim & Robert S. Paton, 2020. "Prediction of organic homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies at near chemical accuracy with sub-second computational cost," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Peter C. John & Yanfei Guan & Yeonjoon Kim & Seonah Kim & Robert S. Paton, 2020. "Publisher Correction: Prediction of organic homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies at near chemical accuracy with sub-second computational cost," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-3, December.
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