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Possible stochastic sex determination in Bursaphelenchus nematodes

Author

Listed:
  • Ryoji Shinya

    (Meiji University)

  • Simo Sun

    (University of Miyazaki)

  • Mehmet Dayi

    (University of Miyazaki
    Duzce University)

  • Isheng Jason Tsai

    (Academia Sinica)

  • Atsushi Miyama

    (Meiji University)

  • Anthony Fu Chen

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Koichi Hasegawa

    (Chubu University)

  • Igor Antoshechkin

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Taisei Kikuchi

    (University of Miyazaki)

  • Paul W. Sternberg

    (California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Sex determination mechanisms evolve surprisingly rapidly, yet little is known in the large nematode phylum other than for Caenorhabditis elegans, which relies on chromosomal XX-XO sex determination and a dosage compensation mechanism. Here we analyze by sex-specific genome sequencing and genetic analysis sex determination in two fungal feeding/plant-parasitic Bursaphelenchus nematodes and find that their sex differentiation is more likely triggered by random, epigenetic regulation than by more well-known mechanisms of chromosomal or environmental sex determination. There is no detectable difference in male and female chromosomes, nor any linkage to sexual phenotype. Moreover, the protein sets of these nematodes lack genes involved in X chromosome dosage counting or compensation. By contrast, our genetic screen for sex differentiation mutants identifies a Bursaphelenchus ortholog of tra-1, the major output of the C. elegans sex determination cascade. Nematode sex determination pathways might have evolved by “bottom-up” accretion from the most downstream regulator, tra-1.

Suggested Citation

  • Ryoji Shinya & Simo Sun & Mehmet Dayi & Isheng Jason Tsai & Atsushi Miyama & Anthony Fu Chen & Koichi Hasegawa & Igor Antoshechkin & Taisei Kikuchi & Paul W. Sternberg, 2022. "Possible stochastic sex determination in Bursaphelenchus nematodes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30173-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30173-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark L. Blaxter & Paul De Ley & James R. Garey & Leo X. Liu & Patsy Scheldeman & Andy Vierstraete & Jacques R. Vanfleteren & Laura Y. Mackey & Mark Dorris & Linda M. Frisse & J. T. Vida & W. Kelley Th, 1998. "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda," Nature, Nature, vol. 392(6671), pages 71-75, March.
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