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Analysis of sub-kilobase chromatin topology reveals nano-scale regulatory interactions with variable dependence on cohesin and CTCF

Author

Listed:
  • Abrar Aljahani

    (Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences)

  • Peng Hua

    (University of Oxford
    Nanjing Medical University)

  • Magdalena A. Karpinska

    (Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences)

  • Kimberly Quililan

    (Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences)

  • James O. J. Davies

    (University of Oxford)

  • A. Marieke Oudelaar

    (Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Abstract

Enhancers and promoters predominantly interact within large-scale topologically associating domains (TADs), which are formed by loop extrusion mediated by cohesin and CTCF. However, it is unclear whether complex chromatin structures exist at sub-kilobase-scale and to what extent fine-scale regulatory interactions depend on loop extrusion. To address these questions, we present an MNase-based chromosome conformation capture (3C) approach, which has enabled us to generate the most detailed local interaction data to date (20 bp resolution) and precisely investigate the effects of cohesin and CTCF depletion on chromatin architecture. Our data reveal that cis-regulatory elements have distinct internal nano-scale structures, within which local insulation is dependent on CTCF, but which are independent of cohesin. In contrast, we find that depletion of cohesin causes a subtle reduction in longer-range enhancer-promoter interactions and that CTCF depletion can cause rewiring of regulatory contacts. Together, our data show that loop extrusion is not essential for enhancer-promoter interactions, but contributes to their robustness and specificity and to precise regulation of gene expression.

Suggested Citation

  • Abrar Aljahani & Peng Hua & Magdalena A. Karpinska & Kimberly Quililan & James O. J. Davies & A. Marieke Oudelaar, 2022. "Analysis of sub-kilobase chromatin topology reveals nano-scale regulatory interactions with variable dependence on cohesin and CTCF," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29696-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29696-5
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    1. Linhua Sun & Jingru Zhou & Xiao Xu & Yi Liu & Ni Ma & Yutong Liu & Wenchao Nie & Ling Zou & Xing Wang Deng & Hang He, 2024. "Mapping nucleosome-resolution chromatin organization and enhancer-promoter loops in plants using Micro-C-XL," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.

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