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SU(2) hadrons on a quantum computer via a variational approach

Author

Listed:
  • Yasar Y. Atas

    (University of Waterloo
    University of Waterloo)

  • Jinglei Zhang

    (University of Waterloo
    University of Waterloo)

  • Randy Lewis

    (York University)

  • Amin Jahanpour

    (University of Waterloo
    University of Waterloo)

  • Jan F. Haase

    (University of Waterloo
    University of Waterloo
    Universität Ulm)

  • Christine A. Muschik

    (University of Waterloo
    University of Waterloo
    Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics)

Abstract

Quantum computers have the potential to create important new opportunities for ongoing essential research on gauge theories. They can provide simulations that are unattainable on classical computers such as sign-problem afflicted models or time evolutions. In this work, we variationally prepare the low-lying eigenstates of a non-Abelian gauge theory with dynamically coupled matter on a quantum computer. This enables the observation of hadrons and the calculation of their associated masses. The SU(2) gauge group considered here represents an important first step towards ultimately studying quantum chromodynamics, the theory that describes the properties of protons, neutrons and other hadrons. Our calculations on an IBM superconducting platform utilize a variational quantum eigensolver to study both meson and baryon states, hadrons which have never been seen in a non-Abelian simulation on a quantum computer. We develop a hybrid resource-efficient approach by combining classical and quantum computing, that not only allows the study of an SU(2) gauge theory with dynamical matter fields on present-day quantum hardware, but further lays out the premises for future quantum simulations that will address currently unanswered questions in particle and nuclear physics.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasar Y. Atas & Jinglei Zhang & Randy Lewis & Amin Jahanpour & Jan F. Haase & Christine A. Muschik, 2021. "SU(2) hadrons on a quantum computer via a variational approach," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-26825-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26825-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esteban A. Martinez & Christine A. Muschik & Philipp Schindler & Daniel Nigg & Alexander Erhard & Markus Heyl & Philipp Hauke & Marcello Dalmonte & Thomas Monz & Peter Zoller & Rainer Blatt, 2016. "Real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories with a few-qubit quantum computer," Nature, Nature, vol. 534(7608), pages 516-519, June.
    2. Bing Yang & Hui Sun & Robert Ott & Han-Yi Wang & Torsten V. Zache & Jad C. Halimeh & Zhen-Sheng Yuan & Philipp Hauke & Jian-Wei Pan, 2020. "Observation of gauge invariance in a 71-site Bose–Hubbard quantum simulator," Nature, Nature, vol. 587(7834), pages 392-396, November.
    3. L. Tagliacozzo & A. Celi & P. Orland & M. W. Mitchell & M. Lewenstein, 2013. "Simulation of non-Abelian gauge theories with optical lattices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. C. Kokail & C. Maier & R. van Bijnen & T. Brydges & M. K. Joshi & P. Jurcevic & C. A. Muschik & P. Silvi & R. Blatt & C. F. Roos & P. Zoller, 2019. "Self-verifying variational quantum simulation of lattice models," Nature, Nature, vol. 569(7756), pages 355-360, May.
    5. Xiang Zhang & Kuan Zhang & Yangchao Shen & Shuaining Zhang & Jing-Ning Zhang & Man-Hong Yung & Jorge Casanova & Julen S. Pedernales & Lucas Lamata & Enrique Solano & Kihwan Kim, 2018. "Experimental quantum simulation of fermion-antifermion scattering via boson exchange in a trapped ion," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
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