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Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Sue Ann Costa Clemens

    (University of Oxford
    University of Siena)

  • Pedro M. Folegatti

    (University of Oxford)

  • Katherine R. W. Emary

    (University of Oxford)

  • Lily Yin Weckx

    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo)

  • Jeremy Ratcliff

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sagida Bibi

    (University of Oxford)

  • Ana Verena Almeida Mendes

    (Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Brazil and ID’OR
    Hospital São Rafael)

  • Eveline Pipolo Milan

    (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN)

  • Ana Pittella

    (Hospital Quinta D’Or
    Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR)
    Universidade Unigranrio)

  • Alexandre V. Schwarzbold

    (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria)

  • Eduardo Sprinz

    (Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
    Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)

  • Parvinder K. Aley

    (University of Oxford)

  • David Bonsall

    (University of Oxford)

  • Christophe Fraser

    (University of Oxford)

  • Michelle Fuskova

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sarah C. Gilbert

    (University of Oxford)

  • Daniel Jenkin

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sarah Kelly

    (University of Oxford)

  • Simon Kerridge

    (University of Oxford)

  • Teresa Lambe

    (University of Oxford)

  • Natalie G. Marchevsky

    (University of Oxford)

  • Yama F. Mujadidi

    (University of Oxford)

  • Emma Plested

    (University of Oxford)

  • Maheshi N. Ramasamy

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Peter Simmonds

    (University of Oxford)

  • Tanya Golubchik

    (University of Oxford)

  • Merryn Voysey

    (University of Oxford)

  • Andrew J. Pollard

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

Several COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in clinical trials, but there remains uncertainty about the efficacy of vaccines against different variants. Here, we investigate the efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) against symptomatic COVID-19 in a post-hoc exploratory analysis of a Phase 3 randomised trial in Brazil (trial registration ISRCTN89951424). Nose and throat swabs were tested by PCR in symptomatic participants. Sequencing and genotyping of swabs were performed to determine the lineages of SARS-CoV-2 circulating during the study. Protection against any symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the Zeta (P.2) variant was assessed in 153 cases with vaccine efficacy (VE) of 69% (95% CI 55, 78). 49 cases of B.1.1.28 occurred and VE was 73% (46, 86). The Gamma (P.1) variant arose later in the trial and fewer cases (N = 18) were available for analysis. VE was 64% (−2, 87). ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 provided 95% protection (95% CI 61%, 99%) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19. In summary, we report that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protects against emerging variants in Brazil despite the presence of the spike protein mutation E484K.

Suggested Citation

  • Sue Ann Costa Clemens & Pedro M. Folegatti & Katherine R. W. Emary & Lily Yin Weckx & Jeremy Ratcliff & Sagida Bibi & Ana Verena Almeida Mendes & Eveline Pipolo Milan & Ana Pittella & Alexandre V. Sch, 2021. "Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-25982-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25982-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dami A. Collier & Anna Marco & Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira & Bo Meng & Rawlings P. Datir & Alexandra C. Walls & Steven A. Kemp & Jessica Bassi & Dora Pinto & Chiara Silacci-Fregni & Siro Bianchi & M. A, 2021. "Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies," Nature, Nature, vol. 593(7857), pages 136-141, May.
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