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Dynamic beam steering with all-dielectric electro-optic III–V multiple-quantum-well metasurfaces

Author

Listed:
  • Pin Chieh Wu

    (California Institute of Technology
    National Cheng Kung University)

  • Ragip A. Pala

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Ghazaleh Kafaie Shirmanesh

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Wen-Hui Cheng

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Ruzan Sokhoyan

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Meir Grajower

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Muhammad Z. Alam

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Duhyun Lee

    (California Institute of Technology
    Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology)

  • Harry A. Atwater

    (California Institute of Technology
    California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Tunable metasurfaces enable dynamical control of the key constitutive properties of light at a subwavelength scale. To date, electrically tunable metasurfaces at near-infrared wavelengths have been realized using free carrier modulation, and switching of thermo-optical, liquid crystal and phase change media. However, the highest performance and lowest loss discrete optoelectronic modulators exploit the electro-optic effect in multiple-quantum-well heterostructures. Here, we report an all-dielectric active metasurface based on electro-optically tunable III–V multiple-quantum-wells patterned into subwavelength elements that each supports a hybrid Mie-guided mode resonance. The quantum-confined Stark effect actively modulates this volumetric hybrid resonance, and we observe a relative reflectance modulation of 270% and a phase shift from 0° to ~70°. Additionally, we demonstrate beam steering by applying an electrical bias to each element to actively change the metasurface period, an approach that can also realize tunable metalenses, active polarizers, and flat spatial light modulators.

Suggested Citation

  • Pin Chieh Wu & Ragip A. Pala & Ghazaleh Kafaie Shirmanesh & Wen-Hui Cheng & Ruzan Sokhoyan & Meir Grajower & Muhammad Z. Alam & Duhyun Lee & Harry A. Atwater, 2019. "Dynamic beam steering with all-dielectric electro-optic III–V multiple-quantum-well metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-11598-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11598-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Claudio U. Hail & Morgan Foley & Ruzan Sokhoyan & Lior Michaeli & Harry A. Atwater, 2023. "High quality factor metasurfaces for two-dimensional wavefront manipulation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Shih-Hsiu Huang & Hsiu-Ping Su & Chao-Yun Chen & Yu-Chun Lin & Zijin Yang & Yuzhi Shi & Qinghua Song & Pin Chieh Wu, 2024. "Microcavity-assisted multi-resonant metasurfaces enabling versatile wavefront engineering," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Renato Juliano Martins & Emil Marinov & M. Aziz Ben Youssef & Christina Kyrou & Mathilde Joubert & Constance Colmagro & Valentin Gâté & Colette Turbil & Pierre-Marie Coulon & Daniel Turover & Samira K, 2022. "Metasurface-enhanced light detection and ranging technology," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus & Sydney Mason & Maryna L. Meretska & Delwin L. Elder & Dmitry Kazakov & Amirhassan Shams-Ansari & Larry R. Dalton & Federico Capasso, 2022. "Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Hyounghan Kwon & Tianzhe Zheng & Andrei Faraon, 2022. "Nano-electromechanical spatial light modulator enabled by asymmetric resonant dielectric metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    6. Jin Yao & Fangxing Lai & Yubin Fan & Yuhan Wang & Shih-Hsiu Huang & Borui Leng & Yao Liang & Rong Lin & Shufan Chen & Mu Ku Chen & Pin Chieh Wu & Shumin Xiao & Din Ping Tsai, 2024. "Nonlocal meta-lens with Huygens’ bound states in the continuum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    7. Chao Meng & Paul C. V. Thrane & Fei Ding & Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, 2022. "Full-range birefringence control with piezoelectric MEMS-based metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus & Maryna L. Meretska & Delwin L. Elder & Michele Tamagnone & Larry R. Dalton & Federico Capasso, 2021. "Electro-optic spatial light modulator from an engineered organic layer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Julian Karst & Yohan Lee & Moritz Floess & Monika Ubl & Sabine Ludwigs & Mario Hentschel & Harald Giessen, 2022. "Electro-active metaobjective from metalenses-on-demand," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.

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