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Measurement and Sources of Economies of Scope: A Primal Approach

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  • Jean-Paul Chavas
  • Kwansoo Kim

Abstract

Scope economies (reflecting the benefit of a multioutput firm) have been defined by Baumol, Panzar, and Willig in the context of cost functions. This paperuses Luenberger's shortage function to develop a general measure of scope economies directly from the underlying technology. The analysis applies under complete as well as partial specialization. Our primal measure of economies of scope is decomposed into four additive parts: one measuring complementarity, one reflecting economies of scale, one reflecting convexity of the technology, and one reflecting the role of catalytic outputs. This decomposition appears useful and helps generate valuable insights into the economics of specialization.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Paul Chavas & Kwansoo Kim, 2007. "Measurement and Sources of Economies of Scope: A Primal Approach," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 163(3), pages 411-427, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:mhr:jinste:urn:sici:0932-4569(200709)163:3_411:masoeo_2.0.tx_2-d
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    2. Fleming, Euan M. & Villano, Renato A. & Fleming, Pauline, 2008. "Evidence of Scope Economies in the Australian Wheat-Sheep Zone," 82nd Annual Conference, March 31 - April 2, 2008, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK 36849, Agricultural Economics Society.
    3. Martin, Guillaume & Barth, Kerstin & Benoit, Marc & Brock, Christopher & Destruel, Marie & Dumont, Bertrand & Grillot, Myriam & Hübner, Severin & Magne, Marie-Angélina & Moerman, Marie & Mosnier, Clai, 2020. "Potential of multi-species livestock farming to improve the sustainability of livestock farms: A review," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    4. Ohe, Yasuo & Kurihara, Shinichi, 2013. "Evaluating the complementary relationship between local brand farm products and rural tourism: Evidence from Japan," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 278-283.
    5. Mydland, Ørjan & Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Lien, Gudbrand & Amundsveen, Roar & Kvile, Hilde Marit, 2020. "Economies of scope and scale in the Norwegian electricity industry," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 39-46.
    6. Walter Briec & Kristiaan Kerstens & Ignace Van de Woestyne, 2016. "Congestion in production correspondences," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 119(1), pages 65-90, September.
    7. K Kerstens & I Van de Woestyne, 2011. "Negative data in DEA: a simple proportional distance function approach," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 62(7), pages 1413-1419, July.
    8. Nilsson, Pia & Bommarco, Riccardo & Hansson, Helena & Kuns, Brian & Schaak, Henning, 2022. "Farm performance and input self-sufficiency increases with functional crop diversity on Swedish farms," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    9. Jean‐Paul Chavas & Doris Läpple & Bradford Barham & Emma Dillon, 2022. "An economic analysis of production efficiency: Evidence from Irish farms," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 70(2), pages 153-173, June.
    10. Jean-Paul Chavas & Kwansoo Kim, 2016. "On the Microeconomics of Specialization: the Role of Non-Convexity," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 44(3), pages 387-403, September.
    11. Sodjahin, Romaric & Carpentier, Alain & Koutchade, Obafèmi Philippe & Femenia, Fabienne, 2022. "On the economic value of the agronomic effects of crop diversification for farmers: Estimation based on farm cost accounting data," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322295, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    12. Jean-Paul Chavas, 2008. "On the economics of agricultural production ," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 52(4), pages 365-380, December.
    13. Carvalho, Pedro & Marques, Rui Cunha, 2014. "Computing economies of vertical integration, economies of scope and economies of scale using partial frontier nonparametric methods," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 234(1), pages 292-307.
    14. Chavas, Jean-Paul & Kim, Kwansoo, 2010. "Economies of diversification: A generalization and decomposition of economies of scope," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(2), pages 229-235, August.
    15. Briec, Walter & Kerstens, Kristiaan, 2009. "The Luenberger productivity indicator: An economic specification leading to infeasibilities," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 597-600, May.
    16. Villano, Renato & Fleming, Euan & Fleming, Pauline, 2010. "Evidence of farm-level synergies in mixed-farming systems in the Australian Wheat-Sheep Zone," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 103(3), pages 146-152, March.
    17. Eder, Andreas, 2017. "Cost efficiency and economies of diversification of biogas-fuelled cogeneration plants in Austria: a nonparametric approach," MPRA Paper 80369, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Jean-Paul Chavas & Kwansoo Kim, 2015. "Nonparametric analysis of technology and productivity under non-convexity: a neighborhood-based approach," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 59-74, February.
    19. Bert Balk & Rolf Färe & Giannis Karagiannis, 2015. "On directional scale elasticities," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 99-104, February.
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    21. Eder, Andreas, 2018. "Measuring and decomposing economies of diversification: An application to biogas-fuelled cogeneration plants in Austria," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 421-432.

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    JEL classification:

    • D2 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations
    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

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