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A Hedging Strategy for New Zealand’s Exporters in Transaction Exposure to Currency Risk

Author

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  • Kam Fong Chan

    (University of Queensland, Australia)

  • Christopher Gan

    (Lincoln University, New Zealand)

  • Patricia A. McGraw

    (Lincoln University, New Zealand)

Abstract

A survey on derivative usage and financial risk management in New Zealand shows that the currency forward is the most frequently used derivatives in hedging transaction exposure. This paper examines whether forwards performs better than over-the-counter option for a New Zealand exporter in hedging NZD/USD transaction exposure. This research adopts Hsin, Kuo and Lee’s (1994) model of hedging effectiveness which maximizes the exporter’s expected negative exponential utility function to compare and evaluate the ex-ante hedging effectiveness of both forwards and options synthetic forwards. The results show that prior to the 1997 Asian Crisis, forwards are marginally more effective than options synthetic forwards for an ordinary risk-averse exporter to hedge against her/his 1, 3, 6 and 12-month transaction exposures. However, during and after the 1997 Asian Crisis, options synthetic forwards are more effective than forwards for hedging exposures of 1, 3 and 6 months.The results are robust to the exporter’s degree of absolute risk aversion.

Suggested Citation

  • Kam Fong Chan & Christopher Gan & Patricia A. McGraw, 2003. "A Hedging Strategy for New Zealand’s Exporters in Transaction Exposure to Currency Risk," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 7(1-2), pages 25-54, March-Jun.
    • Handle: RePEc:mfj:journl:v:7:y:2003:i:1-2:p:25-54
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    4. Anderson, Ronald W & Danthine, Jean-Pierre, 1980. "Hedging and Joint Production: Theory and Illustrations," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(2), pages 487-498, May.
    5. Abe De Jong & Frans De Roon & Chris Veld, 1997. "Out‐of‐sample hedging effectiveness of currency futures for alternative models and hedging strategies," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(7), pages 817-837, October.
    6. Chang, Jack S. K. & Shanker, Latha, 1987. "A Risk-Return Measure of Hedging Effectiveness: A Comment," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(3), pages 373-376, September.
    7. Francis X. Diebold & Andrew Hickman & Atsushi Inoue & Til Schuermann, 1997. "Converting 1-Day Volatility to h-Day Volatitlity: Scaling by Root-h is Worse Than You Think," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 97-34, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    8. Jack S. K. Chang & Latha Shanker, 1986. "Hedging effectiveness of currency options and currency futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 6(2), pages 289-305, June.
    9. Jin‐Chuan Duan, 1995. "The Garch Option Pricing Model," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(1), pages 13-32, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jan Campbell & Alexey S. Kosarev & Aleksey J. Domnikov & Olga A. Rutschizkaja, 2012. "Currency risk management: the experience of a Russian company," Ekonomika a Management, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2012(4), pages 5-14.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    forwards; hedging effectiveness; optimal hedge ratio; options synthetic forwards; utility maximization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

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