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The Incidence of Government Expenditures on Education and Health: Microeconomic Evidence from Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Nawaz Hakro

    (Visiting Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.)

  • Muhammed Akram

    (Lecturer, International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.)

Abstract

This paper has analyzed the incidence of government expenditures on health and education by using the benefit incidence approach. Recent household level data from the Pakistan Standards of Living Measures (PSLM) has been used to calculate the incidence for Pakistan overall, and at provincial and regional levels, of different education and health services. GINI and concentration coefficients have been used to measure the benefit inequalities of public expenditure. The results demonstrate that education expenditures are progressive in overall Pakistan. The progressiveness hypothesis regarding health expenditure is accepted partially, as the expenditure is progressive for Pakistan overall, but regressive at regional and provincial level of services. Efforts should be directed towards the horizontal and vertical equity in the allocation of resources both at the provincial and regional levels, and greater targeting of rural and low-income groups can make the expenditureprograms more effective and result oriented.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Nawaz Hakro & Muhammed Akram, 2007. "The Incidence of Government Expenditures on Education and Health: Microeconomic Evidence from Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 12(2), pages 27-48, Jul-Dec.
    • Handle: RePEc:lje:journl:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:27-48
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Flug, Karnit & Spilimbergo, Antonio & Wachtenheim, Erik, 1998. "Investment in education: do economic volatility and credit constraints matter?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 465-481, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Syed Shujaat AHMED & Asif JAVED, 2017. "The Effect of Public Sector Development Expenditures and Investment on Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, vol. 4(2), pages 203-214, June.
    2. Mawuli Gaddah & Alistair Munro & Peter Quartey, 2015. "The rich or the poor: who gains from public education spending in Ghana?," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(2), pages 112-131, February.
    3. Mawuli Gaddah & Alistair Munro, 2011. "The Progressivity Of Health Care Services In Ghana," GRIPS Discussion Papers 11-14, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.
    4. Gaddah, Mawuli & Munro, Alistair & Quartey, Peter, 2016. "Education subsidy and school enrollments in rural Ghana," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 143-152.
    5. Zahid Asghar & Mudassar Zahra, 2012. "A Benefit Incidence Analysisof Public Spending on Education in PakistanUsing PSLM Data," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 17(2), pages 111-136, July-Dec.

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