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A posztszocialista átalakulás tíz éve a gazdaságpolitikai reformokkal kapcsolatos tanulságok
[Ten years of post-socialist transition: the lessons for policy reforms]

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  • Kolodko, Grzegorz W.

Abstract

A piaci rendszerbe való átmenet hosszadalmas folyamat, amely a gazdasági tevékenységek széles skáláját foglalja magában. A piacgazdaságban nem csupán liberális szabályozásra és magántulajdonra van szükség, hanem megfelelő intézményekre is. Emiatt az átalakulás csak fokozatos lehet, mivel az intézmények kiépítése lassú folyamat, amely új szervezeteken, új törvényeken és a gazdasági szereplők viselkedésének megváltozásán alapul. A rendszerátalakulás mellett szóló legfőbb érv a szóban forgó országok fenntartható növekedési pályára való állításának kívánalma volt. Azt feltételezték, hogy a tulajdonjogok magánkézbe adása és az allokációs mechanizmus eltolódása az állam által irányítottból a szabad piaci rendszerbe rövid idő múltán nemcsak hatékonyabbá teszi az allokációt, de növeli a megtakarítási hányadot és a tőkejavak termelését is. Sajnálatos módon ez jó néhány ok miatt nem következett be. Az a hibás feltételezés, hogy a feltörekvő piaci erők gyorsan képesek helyettesíteni a kormányzatot az új intézményrendszer kiépítésében, az emberitőke-beruházásokban és az infrastruktúra-fejlesztésben, súlyos visszaeséshez és növekvő társadalmi felszültséghez vezetett. Ezek a kedvezőtlen következmények betudhatók mind a korábbi rendszer örökségének, mind az átalakulás gazdaságpolitikájának, bár könnyen belátható, hogy az utóbbi volt az alapvető jelentőségű. E politikák nagymértékben az úgynevezett washingtoni konszenzuson alapultak. Számos feltörekvő piac (beleértve a tranzitgazdaságokat) kudarcának a tapasztalataival a hátunk mögött lehetséges egy új posztwashingtoni konszenzus körvonalainak felvázolása. Ez nem csupán a liberalizált piacok és a nyitott gazdaságok szükségességére utal, de az állam új szerepét, a piaci szervezetek alapvető értelmét és a közöttük kialakuló intézményi kapcsolatokat, illetve az igazságosabb elosztáshoz vezető növekedés iránti igényt is hangsúlyozza.

Suggested Citation

  • Kolodko, Grzegorz W., 2000. "A posztszocialista átalakulás tíz éve a gazdaságpolitikai reformokkal kapcsolatos tanulságok [Ten years of post-socialist transition: the lessons for policy reforms]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 197-214.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:308
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kolodko, Grzegorz W., 2000. "From Shock to Therapy: The Political Economy of Postsocialist Transformation," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198297437.
    2. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 1999. "More instruments and broader goals: moving toward the Post-Washington Consensus," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, vol. 19(1), pages 101-128.
    3. Dariusz K. Rosati, 1994. "Output decline during transition from plan to market: a reconsideration," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 2(4), pages 419-441, December.
    4. Grzegorz W. Kolodko, 1989. "Reform, Stabilization Policies, and Economic Adjustment in Poland," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-1989-051, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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    1. Tóth, Balázs, 2021. "Milyen kapcsolatban állnak a közszféra reformjai a gazdaságpolitikai paradigmákkal? [How reforms of the public sector relate to the paradigms of economic policy]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 205-222.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • P21 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
    • P26 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Property Rights
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies

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