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Hogyan lesz az etnikai előítéletből foglalkoztatási diszkrimináció? A kisvállalatok szerepe
[How does ethnic prejudice turn into employment discrimination? The role of small companies]

Author

Listed:
  • Kertesi, Gábor
  • Köllő, János
  • Szabó, Lajos Tamás
  • Károlyi, Róbert

Abstract

Tanulmányunk a magyarországi romák reziduális (megfigyelhető jegyekkel nem magyarázható) foglalkoztatási hátrányának területi különbségeit vizsgálja. Miközben a diszkriminációval szembeni jogi védelem hasonló egy országon belül, az előítéletesség foka és a piaci struktúrák eltérnek. Hipotézisünk szerint a romák foglalkoztatási hátránya ott a legnagyobb, ahol erős az etnikai előítéletesség, és egyidejűleg magas a kisvállalatoknál dolgozók aránya. Az előfeltevést a 2011-es népszámlálás egyéni adatain, több kiegészítő forrás felhasználásával teszteljük. A megfigyelt egyének foglalkoztatási esélyét becslő egyenletekben a roma etnikai hovatartozást, a kisvállalatok járáson belüli foglalkoztatási súlyát és a Jobbik akkori támogatottságát mérő indikátorokat, valamint ezek interakcióit szerepeltetjük. Előzetesen kimutatjuk, hogy a Jobbik támogatottsága szoros kapcsolatban állt a helyi népesség erősen előítéletes tagjainak részarányával, továbbá a kisvállalatok kisebb arányban foglalkoztatnak romákat, különösen akkor, ha a munkakör csapatmunkát vagy a fogyasztókkal való kapcsolatot feltételez. Fő egyenletünkben a roma etnicitás, a kisvállalati részarány és a Jobbik szavazati aránya hármas interakciójának együtthatója várakozásunknak megfelelően negatív. A férfiaknál a roma-nem roma foglalkoztatási rés az átlagosnál 20-40 százalékkal szélesebb erős Jobbik-támogatottság és sok kisvállalat esetén. A roma nők kisebb arányban dolgoznak a diszkriminációnak erősen kitett helyeken, foglalkoztatásukra erősebben hatnak a kínálati döntéseik, esetükben nem találunk bizonyítékot a vizsgált keresleti oldali összefüggésre. Az eredmények arra figyelmeztetnek, hogy az antidiszkriminációs jogalkotás elégtelen a probléma kezeléséhez, annak enyhítéséért a korlátokkal számot vető foglalkoztatáspolitikai eszközökre, valamint a stigmatizáció elleni lépések sokaságára lenne szükség.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: J71, R23.

Suggested Citation

  • Kertesi, Gábor & Köllő, János & Szabó, Lajos Tamás & Károlyi, Róbert, 2022. "Hogyan lesz az etnikai előítéletből foglalkoztatási diszkrimináció? A kisvállalatok szerepe [How does ethnic prejudice turn into employment discrimination? The role of small companies]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1345-1376.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:2085
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2022.11.1345
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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