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Empirical Interconnections among Instrumental Freedoms for Development: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Nour Eddine Aguenane

    (Faculty of Economics and Management of Guelmim, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco)

Abstract

In 'development as freedom', Amartya Sen discussed the instrumental role of five types of freedom in improving people's overall capability to lead the kind of lives they value. He argues that when these types of freedom interconnect, they reinforce each other, and their instrumental role in the development process becomes stronger. Therefore, this paper explores possible empirical interconnections between three of the five freedoms identified by Sen: political freedoms, economic facilities, and transparency guarantees. These categories of freedom are considered latent variables. The estimation of the structural equation models and the multi-group analysis using the partial least squares approach confirmed three main results: (i) freedoms of different kinds can strengthen one another through direct positive effects; (ii) they also reinforce each other indirectly, by playing mediating roles; and (iii) these direct and indirect mechanisms of mutual reinforcement operate in the same way both in developed or developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Nour Eddine Aguenane, 2021. "Empirical Interconnections among Instrumental Freedoms for Development: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study," Journal of Development Innovations, KarmaQuest International, vol. 5(2), pages 66-85, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kqi:journl:2021-5-2-4
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    File URL: https://www.karmaquest.org/journal/index.php/ILGDI/article/view/88/65
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xinshu Zhao & John G. Lynch & Qimei Chen, 2010. "Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 37(2), pages 197-206, August.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    human development; capability approach; instrumental freedoms; partial least squares approach;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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