IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/rqfnac/v63y2024i4d10.1007_s11156-024-01287-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

European banking M&As: The role of financial advisors

Author

Listed:
  • Yiannis Anagnostopoulos

    (University of London
    Royal Holloway University of London Business School)

  • George Alexandrou

    (Utrecht University
    Kingston University)

  • Hardy M. Thomas

    (University of Essex)

Abstract

We investigate the puzzle of banks contracting the services of external advisors for deals they can self-manage and the role of financial advisors in mergers and acquisitions among European banking firms. We also study the determinants of the choice by bank acquirers and bank targets to either appoint external advisors or manage in-house, as well as between appointing either top or lower tier advisors. Top tier advisors are more likely to be employed in debt financed and cross-border deals. We also find that most European bank mergers are managed in-house, contrary to prior findings reporting mostly externally managed deals attributed to the certification effect. Targets fail to benefit from deals where they do not match acquirer’s decision to appoint external advisors. However, there is an overall propensity to match the counter party’s tier of advisor.

Suggested Citation

  • Yiannis Anagnostopoulos & George Alexandrou & Hardy M. Thomas, 2024. "European banking M&As: The role of financial advisors," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(4), pages 1193-1231, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:63:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s11156-024-01287-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11156-024-01287-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11156-024-01287-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11156-024-01287-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Altunbas, Yener & Marqués, David, 2008. "Mergers and acquisitions and bank performance in Europe: The role of strategic similarities," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(3), pages 204-222.
    2. Elena Beccalli & Pascal Frantz, 2013. "The Determinants of Mergers and Acquisitions in Banking," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 43(3), pages 265-291, June.
    3. Diaz, Belen Diaz & Olalla, Myriam Garcia & Azofra, Sergio Sanfilippo, 2004. "Bank acquisitions and performance: evidence from a panel of European credit entities," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(5), pages 377-404.
    4. Marina Martynova & Luc Renneboog, 2011. "The Performance of the European Market for Corporate Control: Evidence from the Fifth Takeover Wave," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 17(2), pages 208-259, March.
    5. Hernando, Ignacio & Nieto, Mara J. & Wall, Larry D., 2009. "Determinants of domestic and cross-border bank acquisitions in the European Union," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1022-1032, June.
    6. Boone, Audra L. & Harold Mulherin, J., 2008. "Do auctions induce a winner's curse? New evidence from the corporate takeover market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(1), pages 1-19, July.
    7. Berger, Allen N. & Bouwman, Christa H.S., 2013. "How does capital affect bank performance during financial crises?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 146-176.
    8. Valeriy Sibilkov & John J. McConnell, 2014. "Prior Client Performance and the Choice of Investment Bank Advisors in Corporate Acquisitions," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(8), pages 2474-2503.
    9. Cláudia Custódio, 2014. "Mergers and Acquisitions Accounting and the Diversification Discount," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(1), pages 219-240, February.
    10. Hackethal, Andreas & Haliassos, Michael & Jappelli, Tullio, 2012. "Financial advisors: A case of babysitters?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 509-524.
    11. Carletti, Elena & Ongena, Steven & Siedlarek, Jan-Peter & Spagnolo, Giancarlo, 2021. "The impacts of stricter merger legislation on bank mergers and acquisitions: Too-Big-To-Fail and competition," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    12. Matteo P. Arena & Michaël Dewally, 2017. "Investment Bank Expertise In Cross-Border Mergers And Acquisitions," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 40(1), pages 81-112, March.
    13. Weiß, Gregor N.F. & Neumann, Sascha & Bostandzic, Denefa, 2014. "Systemic risk and bank consolidation: International evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 165-181.
    14. Rym Ayadi & Jean-Philippe Boussemart & Hervé Leleu & Dhafer Saidane, 2013. "Mergers and Acquisitions in European banking higher productivity or better synergy among business lines?," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 165-175, April.
    15. Benveniste, Lawrence M. & Busaba, Walid Y. & Wilhelm, William Jr., 2002. "Information Externalities and the Role of Underwriters in Primary Equity Markets," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 61-86, January.
    16. Johannes Kolb, 2019. "Do investment banks create value for their clients? Empirical evidence from European acquisitions," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(1), pages 80-115, January.
    17. Agrawal, Anup & Jaffe, Jeffrey F., 2003. "Do Takeover Targets Underperform? Evidence from Operating and Stock Returns," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(4), pages 721-746, December.
    18. Joos, Peter & Piotroski, Joseph D. & Srinivasan, Suraj, 2016. "Can analysts assess fundamental risk and valuation uncertainty? An empirical analysis of scenario-based value estimates," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(3), pages 645-663.
    19. Renneboog, Luc & Vansteenkiste, Cara, 2019. "Failure and success in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 650-699.
    20. Kolasinski, Adam C. & Kothari, S. P., 2008. "Investment Banking and Analyst Objectivity: Evidence from Analysts Affiliated with Mergers and Acquisitions Advisors," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 43(4), pages 817-842, December.
    21. Duncan Angwin & David Kroon & Nicola Mirc & Nuno Oliveira & Shameen Prashantham & Audrey Rouziès & Janne Tienari, 2023. "Mergers and acquisitions research: Time for a theory rejuvenation of the field," Post-Print hal-04355077, HAL.
    22. David A. Becher & Terry L. Campbell, 2005. "Interstate Banking Deregulation And The Changing Nature Of Bank Mergers," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 28(1), pages 1-20, March.
    23. Lily Hua Fang, 2005. "Investment Bank Reputation and the Price and Quality of Underwriting Services," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(6), pages 2729-2761, December.
    24. Liu, Wai-Man & Ngo, Phong T.H., 2014. "Elections, political competition and bank failure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(2), pages 251-268.
    25. Harrington, Scott E. & Shrider, David G., 2007. "All Events Induce Variance: Analyzing Abnormal Returns When Effects Vary across Firms," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 42(1), pages 229-256, March.
    26. Rebel Cole & Lawrence White, 2012. "Déjà Vu All Over Again: The Causes of U.S. Commercial Bank Failures This Time Around," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 42(1), pages 5-29, October.
    27. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    28. Rym Ayadi & Jean-Philippe Boussemart & Hervé Leleu & Dhafer Saidane, 2010. "Mergers & Acquisitions in European Banking Higher productivity or better synergy among business lines?," Working Papers 2011-ECO-03, IESEG School of Management.
    29. Andrey Golubov & Dimitris Petmezas & Nickolaos G. Travlos, 2012. "When It Pays to Pay Your Investment Banker: New Evidence on the Role of Financial Advisors in M&As," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(1), pages 271-312, February.
    30. Allen N. Berger & Sadok El Ghoul & Omrane Guedhami & Raluca A. Roman, 2017. "Internationalization and Bank Risk," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(7), pages 2283-2301, July.
    31. Albert Choi & George Triantis, 2008. "Completing Contracts in the Shadow of Costly Verification," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(2), pages 503-534, June.
    32. David C. Wheelock & Paul W. Wilson, 2012. "Do Large Banks Have Lower Costs? New Estimates of Returns to Scale for U.S. Banks," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(1), pages 171-199, February.
    33. Amel, Dean & Barnes, Colleen & Panetta, Fabio & Salleo, Carmelo, 2004. "Consolidation and efficiency in the financial sector: A review of the international evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(10), pages 2493-2519, October.
    34. Fernando, Chitru S. & Gatchev, Vladimir A. & May, Anthony D. & Megginson, William L., 2015. "Prestige without Purpose? Reputation, Differentiation, and Pricing in U.S. Equity Underwriting," Working Papers 15-09, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center.
    35. Beitel, P. & Schiereck, D. & Wahrenburg, M., 2004. "Explaining the M&A-success in European Bank Mergers and Acquisitions," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 35180, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    36. DeYoung, Robert & Torna, Gökhan, 2013. "Nontraditional banking activities and bank failures during the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 397-421.
    37. Harford, Jarrad, 2005. "What drives merger waves?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(3), pages 529-560, September.
    38. Allen N. Berger & Astrid A. Dick, 2007. "Entry into Banking Markets and the Early-Mover Advantage," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 39(4), pages 775-807, June.
    39. Magnus Blomkvist & Teemu Friman & Timo Korkeamäki, 2018. "Bond market access and acquisitions: empirical evidence from the European market," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(6), pages 478-498, April.
    40. Juan Fernández de Guevara & Joaquín Maudos & Francisco Pérez, 2005. "Market Power in European Banking Sectors," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 109-137, April.
    41. Berger, Allen N. & Demsetz, Rebecca S. & Strahan, Philip E., 1999. "The consolidation of the financial services industry: Causes, consequences, and implications for the future," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(2-4), pages 135-194, February.
    42. Kenneth Daniels & Richard Phillips, 2007. "The Valuation Impact of Financial Advisors: An Empirical Analysis of REIT Mergers and Acquisitions," Journal of Real Estate Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(1), pages 57-74, January.
    43. Berger, Allen N, 2003. "The Economic Effects of Technological Progress: Evidence from the Banking Industry," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(2), pages 141-176, April.
    44. Mine Ertugrul & Karthik Krishnan, 2014. "Investment Banks In Dual Roles: Acquirer M&A Advisors As Underwriters," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 37(2), pages 159-189, June.
    45. Ahmad Ismail & Ian Davidson, 2005. "Further analysis of mergers and shareholder wealth effects in European banking," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(1), pages 13-30.
    46. Macias, Antonio J. & Moeller, Thomas, 2016. "Target signaling with material adverse change clauses in merger agreements," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 69-92.
    47. Hannan, Timothy H & Rhoades, Stephen A, 1987. "Acquisition Targets and Motives: The Case of the Banking Industry," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 69(1), pages 67-74, February.
    48. Hornstein, Abigail S. & Nguyen, Zachary, 2014. "Is more less? Propensity to diversify via M&A and market reactions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 76-88.
    49. Berger, Allen N., 2007. "Obstacles to a global banking system: "Old Europe" versus "New Europe"," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 1955-1973, July.
    50. Knapp, Morris & Gart, Alan & Chaudhry, Mukesh, 2006. "The impact of mean reversion of bank profitability on post-merger performance in the banking industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(12), pages 3503-3517, December.
    51. Humphrey, David B. & Vale, Bent, 2004. "Scale economies, bank mergers, and electronic payments: A spline function approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 1671-1696, July.
    52. Robert DeYoung & Douglas Evanoff & Philip Molyneux, 2009. "Mergers and Acquisitions of Financial Institutions: A Review of the Post-2000 Literature," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 87-110, December.
    53. Kenneth Daniels & Richard A. Phillips, 2007. "The Valuation Impact of Financial Advisors: An Empirical Analysis of REIT Mergers and Acquisitions," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 29(1), pages 57-64.
    54. Patrick Beitel & Dirk Schiereck & Mark Wahrenburg, 2004. "Explaining M&A Success in European Banks," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 10(1), pages 109-139, March.
    55. Pilloff, Steven J, 1996. "Performance Changes and Shareholder Wealth Creation Associated with Mergers of Publicly Traded Banking Institutions," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 28(3), pages 294-310, August.
    56. S. Trevis Certo & John R. Busenbark & Hyun‐soo Woo & Matthew Semadeni, 2016. "Sample selection bias and Heckman models in strategic management research," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(13), pages 2639-2657, December.
    57. Fernando, Chitru S. & Gatchev, Vladimir A. & May, Anthony D. & Megginson, William L., 2015. "Prestige without purpose? Reputation, differentiation, and pricing in U.S. equity underwriting," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 41-63.
    58. Houston, Joel F. & Ryngaert, Michael D., 1994. "The overall gains from large bank mergers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 1155-1176, December.
    59. Chemmanur, Thomas J & Fulghieri, Paolo, 1994. "Investment Bank Reputation, Information Production, and Financial Intermediation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(1), pages 57-79, March.
    60. Cybo-Ottone, Alberto & Murgia, Maurizio, 2000. "Mergers and shareholder wealth in European banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 831-859, June.
    61. Jens Hagendorff & Kevin Keasey, 2009. "Post‐merger strategy and performance: evidence from the US and European banking industries," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 49(4), pages 725-751, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Robert DeYoung & Douglas Evanoff & Philip Molyneux, 2009. "Mergers and Acquisitions of Financial Institutions: A Review of the Post-2000 Literature," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 87-110, December.
    2. Spokeviciute, Laima & Keasey, Kevin & Vallascas, Francesco, 2019. "Do financial crises cleanse the banking industry? Evidence from US commercial bank exits," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 222-236.
    3. Dimitris Chronopoulos & Claudia Girardone & John Nankervis, 2013. "How Do Stock Markets in the US and Europe Price Efficiency Gains from Bank M&As?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 43(3), pages 243-263, June.
    4. Jens Hagendorff & Maria J. Nieto & Larry D. Wall, 2012. "The safety and soundness effects of bank M&A in the EU," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2012-13, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    5. Jens Hagendorff & Maria J. Nieto, 2015. "The Safety and Soundness Effects of Bank M&A in the EU: Does Prudential Regulation Have any Impact?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 21(3), pages 462-490, June.
    6. Ana Lozano-Vivas & Subal Kumbhakar & Meryem Fethi & Mohamed Shaban, 2011. "Consolidation in the European banking industry: how effective is it?," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 247-261, December.
    7. Emanuele BACCHIOCCHI & Matteo FERRARI & Massimo FLORIO & Daniela VANDONE, 2015. "State-Owned Banks: Acquirers in M&A deals," Departmental Working Papers 2015-08, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.
    8. George Kyriazopoulos & Evangelos Drymbetas, 2015. "Long-term Performance of Acquirers Involved in Domestic Bank Ms&As in Europe," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 6(1), pages 56-67, January.
    9. Goddard, John & Molyneux, Philip & Wilson, John O.S. & Tavakoli, Manouche, 2007. "European banking: An overview," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 1911-1935, July.
    10. Coccorese, Paolo & Ferri, Giovanni, 2020. "Are mergers among cooperative banks worth a dime? Evidence on efficiency effects of M&As in Italy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 147-164.
    11. Chuang, Kai-Shi, 2014. "Financial advisors, financial crisis, and shareholder wealth in bank mergers," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 229-245.
    12. Dunn, Jessica Kay & Intintoli, Vincent J. & McNutt, Jamie John, 2015. "An examination of non-government-assisted US commercial bank mergers during the financial crisis," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 16-41.
    13. Paolo Coccorese & Giovanni Ferri & Fabiola Spiniello, 2017. "Are mergers among cooperative banks worth a dime? Evidence on post-M&A efficiency in Italy," CERBE Working Papers wpC18, CERBE Center for Relationship Banking and Economics.
    14. Caiazza, Stefano & Clare, Andrew & Pozzolo, Alberto Franco, 2012. "What do bank acquirers want? Evidence from worldwide bank M&A targets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2641-2659.
    15. Chiorazzo, Vincenzo & D'Apice, Vincenzo & DeYoung, Robert & Morelli, Pierluigi, 2018. "Is the traditional banking model a survivor?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 238-256.
    16. Vanwalleghem, Dieter & Yildirim, Canan & Mukanya, Anthony, 2020. "Leveraging local knowledge or global advantage: Cross border bank mergers and acquisitions in Africa," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    17. Asimakopoulos, Ioannis & Athanasoglou, Panayiotis P., 2013. "Revisiting the merger and acquisition performance of European banks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 237-249.
    18. Carbó-Valverde, Santiago & Cuadros-Solas, Pedro J. & Rodríguez-Fernández, Francisco, 2020. "Do bank bailouts have an impact on the underwriting business?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    19. Altunbas, Yener & Marqués, David, 2008. "Mergers and acquisitions and bank performance in Europe: The role of strategic similarities," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(3), pages 204-222.
    20. Papadimitri, Panagiota & Staikouras, Panagiotis & Travlos, Nickolaos G. & Tsoumas, Chris, 2019. "Punished banks' acquisitions: Evidence from the U.S. banking industry," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 744-764.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mergers and Acquisitions; European banking; Acquirers; Targets; Financial advisors; In-house managed deals;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:63:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s11156-024-01287-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.