IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/rqfnac/v61y2023i4d10.1007_s11156-023-01198-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

From boots to suits: do military directors protect shareholders’ wealth?

Author

Listed:
  • Tasawar Nawaz

    (University of Huddersfield)

  • Roszaini Haniffa

    (Heriot-Watt University)

  • Mohammad Hudaib

    (University of Prince Mugrin)

Abstract

This paper explores the influence of military directors in protecting shareholders’ wealth through CEO compensation and corporate dividend payout policies. Based on manually collected data on corporate boards of non-financial companies operating in Pakistan, the results indicate a significant negative association between the presence of military directors on corporate boards and CEO compensation, thus supporting the notion that such directors are effective in monitoring and curtailing excessive rent seeking behaviour by the agents. In other words, presence of military directors on Pakistani corporate boards reduces agency costs and in turn enhances shareholders’ wealth. Results also indicate significant positive relationship between presence of military directors on boards and dividend payout, hence signifying that such directors are effective in enhancing shareholders’ wealth by reducing free cash flow opportunities that would otherwise be deployed by agents for their private benefits. We further found military directors with business education and wider networks to have significant positive association with dividend payout but not the case with CEO compensation. We control for board attributes, agent heterogeneity and firm-specific attributes in all our models. Overall, the benefits of military directors’ inclusion on corporate boards in Pakistan have far broader strategic, economic and policy implications on the nation besides resolving the principal-agent problems in the boardroom.

Suggested Citation

  • Tasawar Nawaz & Roszaini Haniffa & Mohammad Hudaib, 2023. "From boots to suits: do military directors protect shareholders’ wealth?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1479-1511, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:61:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s11156-023-01198-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11156-023-01198-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11156-023-01198-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11156-023-01198-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aref M. Eissa & Yasser Eliwa, 2021. "The effect of political connections on firm performance: evidence from Egypt," Asian Review of Accounting, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(3), pages 362-382, July.
    2. Vidhi Chhaochharia & Yaniv Grinstein, 2009. "CEO Compensation and Board Structure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(1), pages 231-261, February.
    3. White, Joshua T. & Woidtke, Tracie & Black, Harold A. & Schweitzer, Robert L., 2014. "Appointments of academic directors," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 135-151.
    4. Ryan, Harley Jr. & Wiggins, Roy III, 2004. "Who is in whose pocket? Director compensation, board independence, and barriers to effective monitoring," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(3), pages 497-524, September.
    5. Ye, Dezhu & Deng, Jie & Liu, Yi & Szewczyk, Samuel H. & Chen, Xiao, 2019. "Does board gender diversity increase dividend payouts? Analysis of global evidence," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1-26.
    6. Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez‐de‐Silanes & Andrei Shleifer & Robert W. Vishny, 2000. "Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(1), pages 1-33, February.
    7. Elston, Julie Ann & Goldberg, Lawrence G., 2003. "Executive compensation and agency costs in Germany," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(7), pages 1391-1410, July.
    8. Burak Güner, A. & Malmendier, Ulrike & Tate, Geoffrey, 2008. "Financial expertise of directors," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 323-354, May.
    9. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-329, May.
    10. Kenneth A. Borokhovich & Kelly R. Brunarski & Yvette Harman & James B. Kehr, 2005. "Dividends, Corporate Monitors and Agency Costs," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 40(1), pages 37-65, February.
    11. An, Jiafu & Duan, Tinghua & Hou, Wenxuan & Liu, Xianda, 2020. "The legacy of wars around the world: Evidence from military directors," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    12. Hanni Liu & Harrison Liu & Jennifer Yin, 2023. "The impact of clawback provisions on executive cash compensation," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 35-62, July.
    13. Zhe Li & Megan Rainville, 2020. "Military veterans on the board and executive compensation," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 17(4), pages 522-544, September.
    14. Erik Grönqvist & Erik Lindqvist, 2016. "The Making of a Manager: Evidence from Military Officer Training," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(4), pages 869-898.
    15. Roszaini Haniffa & Mohammad Hudaib, 2006. "Corporate Governance Structure and Performance of Malaysian Listed Companies," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(7-8), pages 1034-1062.
    16. Onali, Enrico & Galiakhmetova, Ramilya & Molyneux, Philip & Torluccio, Giuseppe, 2016. "CEO power, government monitoring, and bank dividends," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 89-117.
    17. Fama, Eugene F & Jensen, Michael C, 1983. "Separation of Ownership and Control," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(2), pages 301-325, June.
    18. Riley, John G., 1975. "Competitive signalling," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 174-186, April.
    19. Cai, Chen & Hasan, Iftekhar & Shen, Yinjie & Wang, Shuai, 2021. "Military directors, governance and firm behavior," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    20. Custódio, Cláudia & Ferreira, Miguel A. & Matos, Pedro, 2013. "Generalists versus specialists: Lifetime work experience and chief executive officer pay," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(2), pages 471-492.
    21. Roszaini Haniffa & Mohammad Hudaib, 2006. "Corporate Governance Structure and Performance of Malaysian Listed Companies," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(7‐8), pages 1034-1062, September.
    22. Cragg, John G. & Donald, Stephen G., 1993. "Testing Identifiability and Specification in Instrumental Variable Models," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 222-240, April.
    23. Kelvin K. F. Law & Lillian F. Mills, 2017. "Military experience and corporate tax avoidance," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 141-184, March.
    24. R.M. Haniffa & T. E. Cooke, 2002. "Culture, Corporate Governance and Disclosure in Malaysian Corporations," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 38(3), pages 317-349, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hussein Abedi Shamsabadi & Byung-Seong Min & Richard Chung, 2016. "Corporate governance and dividend strategy: lessons from Australia," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(5), pages 583-610, October.
    2. Naeem Tabassum & Satwinder Singh, 2020. "Corporate Governance and Organisational Performance," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-030-48527-6, July.
    3. HaiYan Yang & Daifei (Troy) Yao & Xin Qu, 2022. "How does independent directors’ reputation influence pay‐for‐performance? Evidence from China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(1), pages 959-1007, March.
    4. Abdelbaset Queiri & Araby Madbouly & Sameh Reyad & Nizar Dwaikat, 2021. "Corporate governance, ownership structure and firms’ financial performance: insights from Muscat securities market (MSM30)," Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 19(4), pages 640-665, February.
    5. Ferrell, Allen & Liang, Hao & Renneboog, Luc, 2016. "Socially responsible firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(3), pages 585-606.
    6. Zhe Li & Oksana Pryshchepa & Bo Wang, 2023. "Financial experts on the top management team: Do they reduce investment inefficiency?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(1-2), pages 198-235, January.
    7. Cédric van Appelghem & Pascal Nguyen, 2020. "Do CEO-Board ties affect the firm's cost of equity? [La proximité entre le dirigeant et les administrateurs a-t-elle un impact sur le coût des fonds propres ?]," Working Papers hal-02880367, HAL.
    8. Rahimah Mohamed Yunos Author_Email: rahim221@johor.uitm.edu.my & Malcolm Smith & Zubaidah Ismail & Syahrul Ahmar Ahmad, 2011. "Inside Concentrated Owners, Board Of Directors And Accounting Conservatism," Annual Summit on Business and Entrepreneurial Studies (ASBES 2011) Proceeding 2011-053-178, Conference Master Resources.
    9. Jun Lu & Wei Wang, 2015. "Board independence and corporate investments," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(1), pages 52-64, January.
    10. Alessandra Allini & Francesca Manes Rossi & Khaled Hussainey, 2016. "The board's role in risk disclosure: an exploratory study of Italian listed state-owned enterprises," Public Money & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(2), pages 113-120, March.
    11. Masood Fooladi Chaghadari Author_Email: foladim57@gmail.com & Zaleha Abdul Shukor, 2011. "Corporate Governance And Disclosure Of Related Party Transactions," 2nd International Conference on Business and Economic Research (2nd ICBER 2011) Proceeding 2011-267, Conference Master Resources.
    12. Cai, Chen & Hasan, Iftekhar & Shen, Yinjie & Wang, Shuai, 2021. "Military directors, governance and firm behavior," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    13. Khandelwal, Chandni & Kumar, Satish & Madhavan, Vinodh & Pandey, Nitesh, 2020. "Do board characteristics impact corporate risk disclosures? The Indian experience," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 103-111.
    14. Tai‐Hsi Wu & Mei‐Chen Lin & Pei‐Ju Lucy Ting & Jyun Yan Huang, 2024. "Do academic directors matter? Evidence from Taiwan equity market," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 24(1), pages 4-29, March.
    15. Abdalla Shwairef & Azlan Amran & Mohammad Iranmanesh & Noor Hazlina Ahmad, 2021. "The mediating effect of strategic posture on corporate governance and environmental reporting," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 349-378, February.
    16. Li, Zhe & Rainville, Megan, 2021. "Do Military Independent Directors Improve Firm Performance?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    17. Chowdhury, Biplob & Dungey, Mardi & Pham, Thu Phuong, 2014. "The impact of post-IPO changes in corporate governance mechanisms on firm performance: evidence from young Australian firms," Working Papers 2014-11, University of Tasmania, Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, revised 24 Sep 2014.
    18. Ali Shariff Kabara & Dewi Fariha Abdullah & Saleh F. A. Khatib & Ayman Hassan Bazhair & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2023. "Moderating Role of Governance Regulatory Compliance on Board Diversity and Voluntary Disclosure of Non-Financial Firms in a Developing Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, March.
    19. Anthonia T. Odeleye, 2018. "Quality of Corporate Governance on Dividend Payouts: The Case of Nigeria," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 30(1), pages 19-32, March.
    20. Uduwalage, Emil, 2022. "Essays on corporate governance in Sri Lanka," Other publications TiSEM 9f4bd99f-e55d-471a-8aa1-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Military directors; Agency costs; Dividend policy; Emerging economy; CEO compensation; Shareholders wealth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:61:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s11156-023-01198-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.