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Income Differences of Chinese Sub-ethnic Groups in Canada

Author

Listed:
  • Eric Fong

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Pui Kwan Man

    (Hong Kong Shue Yan University)

Abstract

The study of sub-ethnicity acknowledges that an ethnic group may have diversity despite common cultural roots. It recognizes that historical developments due to colonialism and global labor migration have led to the diaspora of some ethnic groups, resulting in sub-identities within a group. International migration brings together people from different continents who were originally from the same ethnic group but now have sub-ethnic group identities. In this study, we contribute to the understanding of sub-ethnicity in three ways. First, we develop a framework for understanding sub-ethnicity. Second, we utilize the 2016 Canadian census, and a socio-historical understanding of different waves of Chinese arriving in Canada, to develop a scheme to categorize different sub-ethnic Chinese groups. We document that there are considerable differences in income among these sub-groups. Finally, we conduct multivariate analysis to explain how the unique socio-demographic background of each sub-ethnic group shapes their income attainment.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Fong & Pui Kwan Man, 2023. "Income Differences of Chinese Sub-ethnic Groups in Canada," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(2), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:42:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11113-023-09758-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09758-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Lu & Rosenberg, Mark & Lo, Lucia, 2008. "Ethnicity and utilization of family physicians: A case study of Mainland Chinese immigrants in Toronto, Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(9), pages 1410-1422, November.
    2. Peter S. Li, 2001. "The Market Worth of Immigrants' Educational Credentials," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 27(1), pages 23-38, March.
    3. Peter S. Li, 2003. "Initial Earnings and Catch-Up Capacity of Immigrants," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 29(3), pages 319-337, September.
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