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Does local access to employment services reduce unemployment? A GIS analysis of One-Stop Career Centers

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  • Pascale Joassart-Marcelli
  • Alberto Giordano

Abstract

The paper uses Geographic Information System to investigate (1) the location of One-Stop Career Centers in Southern California, (2) their level of accessibility to unemployed workers of various demographic groups, (3) their proximity to employment opportunities, and (4) the effect of these spatial relations on Census tract unemployment. We build on the non-profit literature on accessibility to social service providers and on spatial mismatch research that emphasizes the gap between places of work and residence. We argue that One-Stops can play an important role in bridging this gap. We find that One-Stops are well positioned to serve the unemployed, although accessibility varies by race/ethnicity, age, and location. Access to One-Stops reduces local unemployment, particularly in neighborhoods with limited employment opportunities. This effect is larger for groups who experience limited mobility due to gender or race, such as black and female job seekers. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLP 2006

Suggested Citation

  • Pascale Joassart-Marcelli & Alberto Giordano, 2006. "Does local access to employment services reduce unemployment? A GIS analysis of One-Stop Career Centers," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 39(4), pages 335-359, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:policy:v:39:y:2006:i:4:p:335-359
    DOI: 10.1007/s11077-006-9028-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Steven Raphael & Michael A. Stoll, 2000. "Can Boosting Minority Car-Ownership Rates Narrow Inter-Racial Employment Gaps," JCPR Working Papers 200, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    2. Stoll, Michael A., 1999. "Spatial Job Search, Spatial Mismatch, and the Employment and Wages of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 129-155, July.
    3. repec:mpr:mprres:3853 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Raphael, Steven, 1998. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis and Black Youth Joblessness: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 79-111, January.
    5. Virginia Parks, 2004. "Access to Work: The Effects of Spatial and Social Accessibility on Unemployment for Native-Born Black and Immigrant Women in Los Angeles," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 80(2), pages 141-172, April.
    6. John F. Kain, 1968. "Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 82(2), pages 175-197.
    7. Harry J. Holzer, 1991. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: What Has the Evidence Shown?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 28(1), pages 105-122, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Suárez Cano, Patricia & Mayor Fernández, Matías & Cueto Iglesias, Begoña, 2011. "How important is access to employment offices in Spain? An urban and non-urban perspective," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 21, pages 119-140.
    2. Mathieu Bunel & Elisabeth Tovar, 2015. "Spatial Mismatch through Local Public Employment Agencies? Answers from a French Quasi-Experiment," EconomiX Working Papers 2015-32, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    3. Brass, Jennifer N., 2012. "Why Do NGOs Go Where They Go? Evidence from Kenya," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 387-401.
    4. Marie T. Mora & Alberto Dávila & James Boudreau, 2016. "Social networks and Black–White differentials in public employment agency usage among mature job seekers," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 56(2), pages 433-448, March.

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