IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/asiapa/v38y2021i2d10.1007_s10490-019-09658-0.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Context-bridging and context-embedded experience: Growth drivers of emerging economy business groups

Author

Listed:
  • Danchi Tan

    (National Chengchi University)

  • Klaus E. Meyer

    (Western University)

Abstract

This study examines emerging economy business groups’ growth directions during institutional change. Building on Penrose’s Theory of Growth of the Firm, we explore managerial resources as foundations for growth. Specifically, we argue that their growth directions are critically shaped by the nature of managerial experience of business groups. Experience that is context-embedded supports growth within the existing strategic paradigm, whereas context-bridging experience enables international growth. We test hypotheses derived from this theoretical argument for business groups in Taiwan, and find empirical support for our arguments.

Suggested Citation

  • Danchi Tan & Klaus E. Meyer, 2021. "Context-bridging and context-embedded experience: Growth drivers of emerging economy business groups," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 401-434, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:asiapa:v:38:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10490-019-09658-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10490-019-09658-0
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10490-019-09658-0
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10490-019-09658-0?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Milanov, Hana & Fernhaber, Stephanie A., 2014. "When do domestic alliances help ventures abroad? Direct and moderating effects from a learning perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 377-391.
    2. Tarun Khanna & Jan W. Rivkin, 2001. "Estimating the performance effects of business groups in emerging markets," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(1), pages 45-74, January.
    3. Robert E. Hoskisson & Albert A. Cannella & Laszlo Tihanyi & Rosario Faraci, 2004. "Asset restructuring and business group affiliation in French civil law countries," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(6), pages 525-539, June.
    4. Gloria Ge & Hugh Wang, 2013. "The impact of network relationships on internationalization process: An empirical study of Chinese private enterprises," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 1169-1189, December.
    5. Holmes, R. Michael & Hoskisson, Robert E. & Kim, Hicheon & Wan, William P. & Holcomb, Tim R., 2018. "International strategy and business groups: A review and future research agenda," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 134-150.
    6. Vikas Kumar & Ajai S. Gaur & Chinmay Pattnaik, 2012. "Product Diversification and International Expansion of Business Groups," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 52(2), pages 175-192, April.
    7. Garry D. Bruton & David Ahlstrom & Johnny C. C. Wan, 2003. "Turnaround in East Asian firms: evidence from ethnic Overseas Chinese communities," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(6), pages 519-540, June.
    8. Elizabeth Maitland & André Sammartino, 2015. "Managerial cognition and internationalization," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 46(7), pages 733-760, September.
    9. Shameen Prashantham & Charles Dhanaraj, 2015. "MNE ties and new venture internationalization: Exploratory insights from India," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 32(4), pages 901-924, December.
    10. Daniel Sullivan, 1994. "Measuring the Degree of Internationalization of a Firm," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 25(2), pages 325-342, June.
    11. Ron Adner & Constance E. Helfat, 2003. "Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(10), pages 1011-1025, October.
    12. Jae Wook Yoo & Richard Reed & Shung Jae Shin & David J. Lemak, 2009. "Strategic Choice and Performance in Late Movers: Influence of the Top Management Team's External Ties," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(2), pages 308-335, March.
    13. Mihailova, Irina, 2015. "Outcomes of learning through JVs for local parent firms in transition economies: Evidence from Russia," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 220-233.
    14. Daphne W. Yiu & Yuan Lu & Garry D. Bruton & Robert E. Hoskisson, 2007. "Business Groups: An Integrated Model to Focus Future Research," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(8), pages 1551-1579, December.
    15. Raveendra Chittoor & MB Sarkar & Sougata Ray & Preet S. Aulakh, 2009. "Third-World Copycats to Emerging Multinationals: Institutional Changes and Organizational Transformation in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 20(1), pages 187-205, February.
    16. Roberts, Michael R. & Whited, Toni M., 2013. "Endogeneity in Empirical Corporate Finance1," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 493-572, Elsevier.
    17. Lindstrand, Angelika & Hånell, Sara Melén, 2017. "International and market-specific social capital effects on international opportunity exploitation in the internationalization process," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 653-663.
    18. Dani Rodrik, 1996. "Understanding Economic Policy Reform," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 34(1), pages 9-41, March.
    19. Surenderrao Komera & P. J. Jijo Lukose & Subash Sasidharan, 2018. "Does business group affiliation encourage R&D activities? Evidence from India," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 887-917, December.
    20. Sumon Kumar Bhaumik & Saul Estrin & Tomasz Mickiewicz, 2017. "Ownership identity, strategy and performance: Business group affiliates versus independent firms in India," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 281-311, June.
    21. Yadong Luo, 2003. "Industrial dynamics and managerial networking in an emerging market: the case of China," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(13), pages 1315-1327, December.
    22. Shameen Prashantham & Julian Birkinshaw, 2015. "Choose Your Friends Carefully: Home-Country Ties and New Venture Internationalization," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 207-234, April.
    23. Andrew A. King & Christopher L. Tucci, 2002. "Incumbent Entry into New Market Niches: The Role of Experience and Managerial Choice in the Creation of Dynamic Capabilities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(2), pages 171-186, February.
    24. Kock, Carl J & Guillen, Mauro F, 2001. "Strategy and Structure in Developing Countries: Business Groups as an Evolutionary Response to Opportunities for Unrelated Diversification," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 10(1), pages 77-113, March.
    25. Martin Gargiulo & Mario Benassi, 2000. "Trapped in Your Own Net? Network Cohesion, Structural Holes, and the Adaptation of Social Capital," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(2), pages 183-196, April.
    26. Jordan Siegel & Prithwiraj Choudhury, 2012. "A Reexamination of Tunneling and Business Groups: New Data and New Methods," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(6), pages 1763-1798.
    27. Manolova, Tatiana S. & Manev, Ivan M. & Gyoshev, Bojidar S., 2010. "In good company: The role of personal and inter-firm networks for new-venture internationalization in a transition economy," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 257-265, July.
    28. Lin Cui & Yi Li & Klaus E. Meyer & Zijie Li, 2015. "Leadership Experience Meets Ownership Structure: Returnee Managers and Internationalization of Emerging Economy Firms," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 355-387, June.
    29. Francisco Diaz Hermelo & Roberto Vassolo, 2010. "Institutional development and hypercompetition in emerging economies," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(13), pages 1457-1473, December.
    30. Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, 2006. "Business groups and their types," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 419-437, December.
    31. Shameen Prashantham & Charles Dhanaraj, 2010. "The Dynamic Influence of Social Capital on the International Growth of New Ventures," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(6), pages 967-994, September.
    32. Eugene Kang & Mark Kroll, 2014. "Deciding Who Will Rule: Examining the Influence of Outside Noncore Directors on Executive Entrenchment," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(6), pages 1662-1683, December.
    33. Tan, Danchi & Meyer, Klaus E., 2010. "Business groups' outward FDI: A managerial resources perspective," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 154-164, June.
    34. Pradeep Kanta Ray & Sangeeta Ray & Vikas Kumar, 2017. "Internationalization of latecomer firms from emerging economies—The role of resultant and autonomous learning," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 34(4), pages 851-873, December.
    35. Steve Sauerwald & Zhiang (John) Lin & Mike W. Peng, 2016. "Board social capital and excess CEO returns," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 498-520, March.
    36. Singh, Deeksha & Pattnaik, Chinmay & Gaur, Ajai S. & Ketencioglu, Elif, 2018. "Corporate expansion during pro-market reforms in emerging markets: The contingent value of group affiliation and diversification," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 220-229.
    37. Raveendra Chittoor & Prashant Kale & Phanish Puranam, 2015. "Business groups in developing capital markets: Towards a complementarity perspective," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(9), pages 1277-1296, September.
    38. Marie Rama, 2012. "Corporate Governance and Corruption: Ethical Dilemmas of Asian Business Groups," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 109(4), pages 501-519, September.
    39. Dean Xu & Klaus E. Meyer, 2013. "Linking Theory and Context: ‘Strategy Research in Emerging Economies’ after Wright et al. (2005)," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(7), pages 1322-1346, November.
    40. William S. Schulze & Eric R. Gedajlovic, 2010. "Whither Family Business?," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(2), pages 191-204, March.
    41. Bird, Allan & Mendenhall, Mark E., 2016. "From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 115-126.
    42. Danchi Tan & Shih-Chang Hung & Nienchi Liu, 2007. "The Timing of Entry into a New Market: An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Firms in China," Management and Organization Review, The International Association for Chinese Management Research, vol. 3(2), pages 227-254, July.
    43. Mohammad Fuad & Ashutosh Kumar Sinha, 2018. "Entry-timing, business groups and early-mover advantage within industry merger waves in emerging markets: A study of Indian firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 919-942, December.
    44. Jing Li & Klaus E Meyer & Hua Zhang & Yuan Ding, 2018. "Diplomatic and corporate networks: Bridges to foreign locations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(6), pages 659-683, August.
    45. Tarun Khanna & Yishay Yafeh, 2007. "Business Groups in Emerging Markets: Paragons or Parasites?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 45(2), pages 331-372, June.
    46. Yasemin Y. Kor, 2003. "Experience-Based Top Management Team Competence and Sustained Growth," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 14(6), pages 707-719, December.
    47. Tan, Danchi & Hung, Shih-Chang & Liu, Nienchi, 2007. "The Timing of Entry into a New Market: An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Firms in China," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(2), pages 227-254, July.
    48. Igor Filatotchev & Xiaohui Liu & Trevor Buck & Mike Wright, 2009. "The export orientation and export performance of high-technology SMEs in emerging markets: The effects of knowledge transfer by returnee entrepreneurs," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 40(6), pages 1005-1021, August.
    49. Tamara Galkina & Sylvie Chetty, 2015. "Effectuation and Networking of Internationalizing SMEs," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 55(5), pages 647-676, October.
    50. Jakob Arnoldi & Yulia Muratova, 2019. "Unrelated acquisitions in China: The role of political ownership and political connections," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 113-134, March.
    51. Michael Carney & Marc van Essen & Saul Estrin & Daniel Shapiro, 2018. "Business Groups reconsidered : beyond paragons and parasites," Post-Print hal-02312099, HAL.
    52. K. S. Manikandan & J. Ramachandran, 2015. "Beyond institutional voids: Business groups, incomplete markets, and organizational form," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 598-617, April.
    53. Sumon Kumar Bhaumik & Nigel Driffield & Sarmistha Pal, 2010. "Does ownership structure of emerging-market firms affect their outward FDI? The case of the Indian automotive and pharmaceutical sectors," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(3), pages 437-450, April.
    54. Klaus E. Meyer, 2006. "Globalfocusing: From Domestic Conglomerates to Global Specialists," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(5), pages 1109-1144, July.
    55. Mike Wright & Igor Filatotchev & Robert E. Hoskisson & Mike W. Peng, 2005. "Strategy Research in Emerging Economies: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(1), pages 1-33, January.
    56. Michael J.D. Roberts & Paul W. Beamish, 2017. "The Scaffolding Activities of International Returnee Executives: A Learning Based Perspective of Global Boundary Spanning," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(4), pages 511-539, June.
    57. Klaus E Meyer & Mike W Peng, 2016. "Theoretical foundations of emerging economy business research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(1), pages 3-22, January.
    58. Moses Acquaah, 2012. "Social networking relationships, firm‐specific managerial experience and firm performance in a transition economy: A comparative analysis of family owned and nonfamily firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(10), pages 1215-1228, October.
    59. Castellacci, Fulvio, 2015. "Institutional Voids or Organizational Resilience? Business Groups, Innovation, and Market Development in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 43-58.
    60. Jifeng Yu & Brett Anitra Gilbert & Benjamin M. Oviatt, 2011. "Effects of alliances, time, and network cohesion on the initiation of foreign sales by new ventures," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 424-446, April.
    61. Gaur, Ajai S. & Kumar, Vikas & Singh, Deeksha, 2014. "Institutions, resources, and internationalization of emerging economy firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 12-20.
    62. Michael C. J. Mayer & Christian Stadler & Julia Hautz, 2015. "The relationship between product and international diversification: The role of experience," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(10), pages 1458-1468, October.
    63. Pankaj Ghemawat & Tarun Khanna, 1998. "The Nature of Diversified Business Groups: A Research Design and Two Case Studies," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(1), pages 35-61, March.
    64. Chi‐nien Chung, 2001. "Markets, Culture and Institutions: The Emergence of Large Business Groups in Taiwan, 1950s–1970s," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(5), pages 719-745, July.
    65. Izzet Sidki Darendeli & T L Hill, 2016. "Uncovering the complex relationships between political risk and MNE firm legitimacy: Insights from Libya," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(1), pages 68-92, January.
    66. Matthew S. Kraatz & Edward J. Zajac, 2001. "How Organizational Resources Affect Strategic Change and Performance in Turbulent Environments: Theory and Evidence," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 12(5), pages 632-657, October.
    67. Chi-Nien Chung & Xiaowei Luo, 2008. "Institutional Logics or Agency Costs: The Influence of Corporate Governance Models on Business Group Restructuring in Emerging Economies," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(5), pages 766-784, October.
    68. Orly Levy & Schon Beechler & Sully Taylor & Nakiye A Boyacigiller, 2007. "What we talk about when we talk about ‘global mindset’: Managerial cognition in multinational corporations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 38(2), pages 231-258, March.
    69. Alice H. Amsden & Wan-wen Chu, 2003. "Beyond Late Development: Taiwan's Upgrading Policies," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262011980, April.
    70. Constance E. Helfat & Margaret A. Peteraf, 2015. "Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 831-850, June.
    71. Mukherjee, Debmalya & Makarius, Erin E. & Stevens, Charles E., 2018. "Business group reputation and affiliates’ internationalization strategies," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 93-103.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aguilera, Ruth V. & Crespí-Cladera, Rafel & Infantes, Paula M. & Pascual-Fuster, Bartolomé, 2020. "Business groups and internationalization: Effective identification and future agenda," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(4).
    2. Carney, Michael & Estrin, Saul & Van Essen, Marc & Shapiro, Daniel, 2017. "Business groups reconsidered: beyond paragons and parasites," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 87340, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Holmes, R. Michael & Hoskisson, Robert E. & Kim, Hicheon & Wan, William P. & Holcomb, Tim R., 2018. "International strategy and business groups: A review and future research agenda," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 134-150.
    4. Anish Purkayastha & Vishal K. Gupta, 2023. "Business group affiliation and entrepreneurial orientation: Contingent effect of level of internationalization and firm’s performance," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 847-876, June.
    5. Luis Alfonso Dau & Randall Morck & Bernard Yin Yeung, 2021. "Business groups and the study of international business: A Coasean synthesis and extension," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(2), pages 161-211, March.
    6. Mike W. Peng & Sergey Lebedev & Cristina O. Vlas & Joyce C. Wang & Jason S. Shay, 2018. "The growth of the firm in (and out of) emerging economies," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 829-857, December.
    7. Eduardsen, Jonas & Marinova, Svetla Trifonova & González-Loureiro, Miguel & Vlačić, Božidar, 2022. "Business group affiliation and SMEs’ international sales intensity and diversification: A multi-country study," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(5).
    8. Shaleen Gopal & K. S. Manikandan & J. Ramachandran, 2021. "Are There Limits to Diversification in Emerging Economies? Distinguishing between Firm‐Level and Business Group Strategies," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(6), pages 1532-1568, September.
    9. Mukherjee, Debmalya & Kumar, Satish & Mukherjee, Deepraj & Goyal, Kirti, 2022. "Mapping five decades of international business and management research on India: A bibliometric analysis and future directions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 864-891.
    10. Bersant Hobdari & Peter Gammeltoft & Jing Li & Klaus Meyer, 2017. "The home country of the MNE: The case of emerging economy firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 1-17, March.
    11. Anil Nair & Mehdi Sharifi Khobdeh & Aydin Oksoy & Orhun Guldiken & Chris H. Willis, 2023. "A review of strategic management research on India," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 1341-1392, December.
    12. Saiyed, Abrar Ali & Eryarsoy, Enes & Mondal, Arindam & Dhandapani, Karthik, 2023. "Business group affiliation and internationalization of new ventures: Moderating role of industry and liberalization," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    13. Saptarshi Purkayastha & Vikas Kumar & Jane Wenzhen Lu, 2017. "Business group heterogeneity and the internationalization-performance relationship: Evidence from Indian business groups," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 247-279, June.
    14. Tan, Danchi & Meyer, Klaus E., 2010. "Business groups' outward FDI: A managerial resources perspective," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 154-164, June.
    15. Lakshmi Goyal, 2023. "Investments during institutional transitions: Driven by problems or opportunities?," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 1733-1768, December.
    16. Somnath Lahiri & Karthik Dhandapani, 2021. "Project performance in emerging market: The influence of cultural distance and business group affiliation," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 179-207, March.
    17. Ajai S Gaur & Chinmay Pattnaik & Deeksha Singh & Jeoung Yul Lee, 2019. "Internalization advantage and subsidiary performance: The role of business group affiliation and host country characteristics," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 50(8), pages 1253-1282, October.
    18. Ramya T. Venkateswaran, 2023. "Is there an illusion of symmetry in cultural distance from Asia–pacific Emnes? the role of business groups in navigating cultural distance through ambidextrous learning," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(3), pages 1169-1215, September.
    19. Vikas Kumar & Deeksha Singh & Anish Purkayastha & Manish Popli & Ajai Gaur, 2020. "Springboard internationalization by emerging market firms: Speed of first cross-border acquisition," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(2), pages 172-193, March.
    20. Jeoung Yul Lee & Shufeng (Simon) Xiao & Surender Munjal, 2023. "How business groups build globally relevant knowledge from local contexts? Exploring the double-edged sword effect of cultural diversity," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(5), pages 2189-2224, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:asiapa:v:38:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10490-019-09658-0. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.