IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/jfr/afr111/v12y2023i4p32.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Intan Suhaila Maulad Haji Md Isa
  • Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique
  • Norhayati Alias
  • Noor Hasniza Haron

Abstract

With the economy’s growth, the banking industry expands, and the competitiveness intensifies with the increased number of banks. Nevertheless, its non-payment also leads to huge losses for banks and the country. One of the critical determinants of the banking sector's performance is the loans advanced to get the profit. Therefore, the loans and their repayments are used as the comparison. Specifically, banks note their repayments seriously, and those default loans are declared non-performing loans (NPLs). Thus, NPL indicates a country’s banking system’s health. This study investigates the factors influencing Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in the commercial banking sector of Malaysia from 2012 to 2021. NPLs are considered a crucial indicator of the banking system's health and the overall economic health of a country. The study examines the relationship between bank-specific and macroeconomic factors and their impact on NPLs. The bank-specific factors analyzed are loan-to-deposit ratios, capital adequacy ratios, and bank size. In contrast, macroeconomic factors are unemployment, inflation, and gross domestic product. Data were collected from published annual reports, the World Bank website, and DataStream navigators for ten years from 2012 to 2021, involving 26 commercial banks in Malaysia. Data analysis includes Descriptive Analysis, Correlation, Multicollinearity, and Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS version 20 software. The result indicates that loan-to-deposit ratio, bank size, unemployment rate, and gross domestic product significantly impact the NPLs in the Malaysian Commercial Banks industry. Meanwhile, the capital adequacy ratio and inflation rate did not affect the NPLs in Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Intan Suhaila Maulad Haji Md Isa & Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique & Norhayati Alias & Noor Hasniza Haron, 2023. "Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks in Malaysia," Accounting and Finance Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(4), pages 1-32, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:jfr:afr111:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:32
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.sciedupress.com/journal/index.php/afr/article/download/24641/15301
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.sciedupress.com/journal/index.php/afr/article/view/24641
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vasiliki Makri & Athanasios Tsagkanos & Athanasios Bellas, 2014. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 61(2), pages 193-206, March.
    2. Vasiliki Makri & Athanasios Tsagkanos & Athanasios Bellas, 2014. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 61(2), pages 193-206.
    3. Laxmi Koju & Ram Koju & Shouyang Wang, 2018. "Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Nepalese Banking System," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 7(3), pages 111-138.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. MBelen Salas & Prosper Lamothe & Enrique Delgado & Angel L. Fernández-Miguélez & Lucia Valcarce, 2024. "Determinants of Nonperforming Loans: A Global Data Analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(5), pages 2695-2716, November.
    2. Mehmet Levent Erdas & Zeynep Ezanoglu, 2022. "How Do Bank-Specific Factors Impact Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from G20 Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 11(2), pages 97-122.
    3. Maria Karadima & Helen Louri, 2022. "Government debt accumulation and non-performing loans: An ARDL bounds testing approach," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 11(4), pages 150-160.
    4. Karadima, Maria & Louri, Helen, 2021. "Determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: the intricate role of fiscal expansion," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 110741, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Anju Goswami & Pooja Malik, 2024. "Identifying Financial Performance Drivers in the Indian Banking Sector During the COVID-19 Crisis," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 22(3), pages 667-719, September.
    6. Jean-Charles Bricongne & Mathilde Dufouleur, 2024. "Impact of Insolvency Regimes on NPLs: Two Birds in the Bush is Worth One in the Hand," Working papers 953, Banque de France.
    7. Nguyen Kim Quoc Trung, 2021. "The relationship between internal control and credit risk – The case of commercial banks in Vietnam," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(1), pages 1908760-190, January.
    8. Aleksandra Ostrowska, 2023. "Makroekonomiczne determinanty jakości kredytów dla sektora niefinansowego w Polsce," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 54(5), pages 541-556.
    9. Vo Minh Long & Nguyen Thi Yen & Pham Dinh Long, 2020. "Factors affecting Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) of banks: The case of Vietnam," HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY, vol. 10(2), pages 83-93.
    10. Saom Shawleen Anita & Nishat Tasnova & Nousheen Nawar, 2022. "Are non-performing loans sensitive to macroeconomic determinants? an empirical evidence from banking sector of SAARC countries," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, December.
    11. Brikena Leka & Etleva Bajrami & Ejona Duci, 2019. "Key Macroeconomic Drivers on Reducing Non Performing Loans in Albania," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 8, July.
    12. Richard Reichel, 2024. "Determinants of Asset Value Adjustments: The Case of Germany’s Cooperative Banks," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(2), pages 1-7.
    13. Li Liu & Yu-Min Liu & Jong-Min Kim & Rui Zhong & Guang-Qian Ren, 2020. "Analysis of Tail Dependence between Sovereign Debt Distress and Bank Non-Performing Loans," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.
    14. Hajdaraj, Besa & Aliu, Muhamet, 2023. "Impact of Covid-19 and Non-performing Loan Determinants: Case Study Republic of Kosovo," Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference (2023), Hybrid Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, in: Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference, Hybrid Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 4-6 September, 2023, pages 81-92, IRENET - Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy, Zagreb.
    15. Nam Pham Hai & Chi Le Ha Diem, 2024. "Credit risk of Vietnamese commercial banks: does capital structure matter?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(3), pages 272-283, September.
    16. Isma il Tijjani Idris & Sabri Nayan, 2017. "A Pooled Mean Group Approach to the Joint Effects of Oil Price Changes and Environmental Risks on Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting the Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(3), pages 345-351.
    17. Sascha Tobias Wengerek & Benjamin Hippert & André Uhde, 2019. "Risk allocation through securitization - Evidence from non-performing loans," Working Papers Dissertations 58, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    18. Aneta Kosztowniak, 2022. "Credit Policy of Commercial Banks in EU and the Asset Quality of Non-Financial Corporate Loan Portfolio in 2009-2021," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 563-582.
    19. Vuslat Us, 2017. "A dynamic approach to analysing the effect of the global crisis on nonperforming loans: evidence from the Turkish banking sector," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 186-192, February.
    20. Konstantinos J. Liapis, 2018. "Managing NPEs Under Financial Crisis Conditions: A Synthetic Quick Approach," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 688-713.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:jfr:afr111:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:32. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sciedu Press (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepflch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.