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Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Nepalese Banking System

Author

Listed:
  • Laxmi Koju

    (Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Ram Koju

    (Public Administration Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal)

  • Shouyang Wang

    (Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, School of Economics and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate the macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans (NPL) in the Nepalese banking system using both static and dynamic panel estimation approaches. The study considers 30 Nepalese commercial banks over the period 2003-2015 and uses 7 bank-specific and 5 macroeconomic variables to assess the impact of banking management and economic indicators on NPL. The findings show that NPLs have significant positive relationship with the export to import ratio, inefficiency, and assets size and a negative relationship with the GDP growth rate, capital adequacy, and inflation rate. The results of the empirical study indicate low economic growth as the primary cause of high NPLs in Nepal and suggest that efficient management and effective financial policies are required for a stable financial system and economy. This is the first complete study in the Nepalese banking system and also the first study that has evaluated the effects of remittance, public debts and interest spreads on NPL. The findings of this study will be helpful in designing the macroprudential and fiscal policies in Nepal.

Suggested Citation

  • Laxmi Koju & Ram Koju & Shouyang Wang, 2018. "Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Nepalese Banking System," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 7(3), pages 111-138.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbk:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:111-138
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    Cited by:

    1. Intan Suhaila Maulad Haji Md Isa & Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique & Norhayati Alias & Noor Hasniza Haron, 2023. "Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks in Malaysia," Accounting and Finance Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(4), pages 1-32, November.
    2. Amina Malik & Haroon Aziz & Buerhan Saiti & Shahab Ud Din, 2021. "The Impact of Earnings variability and Regulatory Measures on Income Smoothing: Evidence from Panel Regression," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(1), pages 183-201.
    3. Saom Shawleen Anita & Nishat Tasnova & Nousheen Nawar, 2022. "Are non-performing loans sensitive to macroeconomic determinants? an empirical evidence from banking sector of SAARC countries," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. MBelen Salas & Prosper Lamothe & Enrique Delgado & Angel L. Fernández-Miguélez & Lucia Valcarce, 2024. "Determinants of Nonperforming Loans: A Global Data Analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(5), pages 2695-2716, November.
    5. Miora Rakotonirainy & Jean Razafindravonona & Christian Rasolomanana, 2020. "Macro Stress Testing Credit Risk: Case of Madagascar Banking Sector," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 9(2), pages 199-218.
    6. Kemal Kozarić & Emina Žunić Dželihodžić, 2020. "Effects of Macroeconomic Environment on Non-Performing Loans and Financial Stability: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 9(2), pages 5-17.
    7. Aswini Kumar Mishra & Shikhar Jain & Mohammad Abid, 2021. "Non‐performing assets and its determinants in the Indian banking system: An empirical analysis using dynamic panel data models," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5948-5962, October.
    8. Haithem Awijen & Younes Ben Zaied & Ahmed Imran Hunjra, 2023. "Systematic and Unsystematic Determinants of Sectoral Risk Default Interconnectedness," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(2), pages 561-587, August.
    9. Bharat Kumar Meher & G. L. Puntambekar & Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar & Cristi Spulbar & Ramona Birau & Cristian Rebegea, 2020. "An Effectiveness Assessment of Preventive Management Strategies in order to Manage Non Performing Assets in Indian banks: A Case Study," Scientific Annals of Economics and Business (continues Analele Stiintifice), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 67(2), pages 235-258, June.
    10. Li Liu & Yu-Min Liu & Jong-Min Kim & Rui Zhong & Guang-Qian Ren, 2020. "Analysis of Tail Dependence between Sovereign Debt Distress and Bank Non-Performing Loans," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.
    11. Karadima, Maria & Louri, Helen, 2021. "Determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: the intricate role of fiscal expansion," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 110741, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    12. Hussien Mohsen Ahmed & Sherif Ismail El-Halaby & Hebatallah Ahmed Soliman, 2022. "The consequence of the credit risk on the financial performance in light of COVID-19: Evidence from Islamic versus conventional banks across MEA region," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Maria Karadima & Helen Louri, 2022. "Government debt accumulation and non-performing loans: An ARDL bounds testing approach," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 11(4), pages 150-160.
    14. Subhan, M. Nuruddin, 2021. "Analysis of Banking Risk, Good Corporate Governance, Capital and Earning Influences on the Indonesia’s Commercial Bank Performances," OSF Preprints vqm9y, Center for Open Science.
    15. Mehmet Levent Erdas & Zeynep Ezanoglu, 2022. "How Do Bank-Specific Factors Impact Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from G20 Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 11(2), pages 97-122.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    economic condition; financial stability; generalized method of moments; monetary policy; non-performing loans; static panel estimation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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