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Comercio internacional y brechas salariales no explicadas por género: Evidencia para el sector agrícola en Bolivia

Author

Listed:
  • Oscar Molina Tejerina

    (Centro de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad Privada Boliviana)

  • Sergio Bobka Calcina

    (Centro de Generación de Información y Estadísticas, Universidad Privada Boliviana)

Abstract

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evidenciar que en el sector agrícola la apertura comercial significaría una reducción de las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres. La metodología a utilizarse está basada en la propuesta metodológica por Molina, quien uso los lineamientos teóricos de Becker como criterio base. Dicho procedimiento consiste en demostrar que la discriminación salarial se debe a la existencia de un gusto por discriminar a las mujeres. Esto significarÌa que las empresas pagarían un salario mayor a los hombres por simple “gusto†. Pero ante la apertura comercial y la entrada de nuevas empresas al mercado, las empresas antiguas se ven obligadas a volverse m·s competitivas para seguir funcionando. Por lo tanto ya no estarían en condiciones de darse el “gusto†de pagar un salario m·s alto a los hombres, lo cual terminarÌa reduciendo la brecha salarial no explicada entre hombres y mujeres. Pero el mercado agrícola normalmente presenta comportamientos distintos a aquellos de otros sectores ya que existen fuertes subsidios agrícolas en países con mayores ingresos, De la Dehesa. Usando la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder se propone encontrar un salario esperado para hombres y mujeres en los sectores transables y no transables del sector agrícola. Al mismo tiempo se obtendrían dos componentes, uno que mide la diferencia explicada por variables que afectan a la productividad y otro componente sin explicación, donde se encontrarÌa la discriminación. Una vez se encuentren estos datos se los comparar· y se ver· si son distintos entre el sector transable y no transable. Los resultados son los mismos que encontró Molina para el aÒo 2002, el mercado agrario todavía muestra un comportamiento distinto al de los demás sectores y contrario a lo planteado por Becker; ya que el mercado agrícola presenta características de un mercado imperfecto. No existe diferencia salarial no explicada por género entre el sector transable y no transable. Por lo tanto la apertura comercial no implicarÌa una reducción en la desigualdad del sector agrícola.

Suggested Citation

  • Oscar Molina Tejerina & Sergio Bobka Calcina, 2016. "Comercio internacional y brechas salariales no explicadas por género: Evidencia para el sector agrícola en Bolivia," Investigación & Desarrollo, Universidad Privada Boliviana, vol. 2(1), pages 45-67.
  • Handle: RePEc:iad:wpaper:0416
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Desigualdad salarial; agricultura; comercio internacional.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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