IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jtourh/v3y2022i3p40-665d863074.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

VFR Travel in Turkey during and Post-COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Elisa Zentveld

    (Institute of Innovation, Science, and Sustainability, Federation University, P.O. Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia)

  • Günay Erol

    (Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Tourism Faculty, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey)

  • Ebru Düşmezkalender

    (Department of Tourism Management, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey)

Abstract

Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travel is a significant component of travel across the globe. Whilst COVID-19 impacted all travel in all countries, its impact on VFR in certain cultures was particularly pronounced. Aside from reconnecting socially with friends and relatives, in some cultures, certain ceremonies and rituals were compromised, meaning a complex choice for residents between focusing on global health information (e.g., avoiding contact, especially with elderly who are at risk) and disobeying significant cultural rituals that signify respect and importance. Whilst most VFR travel research has focused on western countries, this research examined the impact of COVID-19 travel restrictions and health warnings on VFR travel in the country of Turkey. The significance of COVID-19 to VFR travel in Turkey is explained, and implications for the future are put forward.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisa Zentveld & Günay Erol & Ebru Düşmezkalender, 2022. "VFR Travel in Turkey during and Post-COVID-19," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jtourh:v:3:y:2022:i:3:p:40-665:d:863074
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/3/40/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/3/40/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michał Roman & Arkadiusz Niedziółka & Andrzej Krasnodębski, 2020. "Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Craig, Christopher A., 2021. "Camping, glamping, and coronavirus in the United States," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    3. Laddawan Kaewkitipong & Charlie Chen & Peter Ractham, 2021. "Examining Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Tourism for International Tourists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Vicente Ramos, 2020. "A Charter for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-4, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michał Roman & Piotr Grudzień, 2021. "The Essence of Agritourism and Its Profitability during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Xiaohua Qin & Xingming Li, 2021. "Evaluate on the Decoupling of Tourism Economic Development and Ecological-Environmental Stress in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Monika Widz & Renata Krukowska & Bartłomiej Walas & Zygmunt Kruczek, 2022. "Course of Values of Key Performance Indicators in City Hotels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Poland Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Anca-Gabriela Turtureanu & Rodica Pripoaie & Carmen-Mihaela Cretu & Carmen-Gabriela Sirbu & Emanuel Ştefan Marinescu & Laurentiu-Gabriel Talaghir & Florentina Chițu, 2022. "A Projection Approach of Tourist Circulation under Conditions of Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Larissa Batrancea, 2021. "The Nexus between Financial Performance and Equilibrium: Empirical Evidence on Publicly Traded Companies from the Global Financial Crisis Up to the COVID-19 Pandemic," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, May.
    6. Beatriz Palacios-Florencio & Luna Santos-Roldán & Juan Manuel Berbel-Pineda & Ana María Castillo-Canalejo, 2021. "Sustainable Tourism as a Driving force of the Tourism Industry in a Post-Covid-19 Scenario," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 991-1011, December.
    7. Yanan Li & Sid Terason, 2023. "Configuring the Pattern of Sustainable Tourism Development as Affected by the Construction of a High-Speed Railway System," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    8. Emily Cameron-Blake & Helen Tatlow & Bernardo Andretti & Thomas Boby & Kaitlyn Green & Thomas Hale & Anna Petherick & Toby Phillips & Annalena Pott & Adam Wade & Hao Zha, 2023. "A panel dataset of COVID-19 vaccination policies in 185 countries," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 7(8), pages 1402-1413, August.
    9. Bursa, Bartosz & Mailer, Markus & Axhausen, Kay W., 2022. "Travel behavior on vacation: transport mode choice of tourists at destinations," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 234-261.
    10. Marek Więckowski, 2021. "Will the Consequences of Covid-19 Trigger a Redefining of the Role of Transport in the Development of Sustainable Tourism?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    11. Melnyk Mariana & Leshchukh Iryna & Baranova Viktoriia, 2021. "The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Quarantine Restrictions on Business and Socio-Economic Dynamics in Ukraine," Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, Sciendo, vol. 43(3), pages 415-429, September.
    12. Michał Roman & Arkadiusz Niedziółka & Andrzej Krasnodębski, 2020. "Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    13. Wenwen Zhang & Yi-Bin Chiu, 2020. "Globalization, Country Risks, and Trade in Tourism Services: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-26, July.
    14. Francesca Pirlone & Ilenia Spadaro & Cristiana Arzà & Giovanna Lonati & Piero Garibaldi, 2022. "Application Studies for the Implementation of the Sustainability Charter in the Metropolitan City of Genoa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    15. Christian M. Hafner, 2020. "The Spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Time and Space," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, May.
    16. Azzeddine Madani & Saad Eddine Boutebal & Hinde Benhamida & Christopher Robin Bryant, 2020. "The Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on the Tourism Needs of the Algerian Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-11, October.
    17. Foris Diana & Matei Cristina-Alexandra & Foris Tiberiu, 2021. "Exploring Solutions and the Role of GDS Technology in Crossing the Current Pandemic Context in Tourism," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 91-101, December.
    18. Jorge Arnanz & Vicente Ramos & Javier Rey-Maquieira & Akarapong Untong, 2024. "Unravelling the effects of disruptive crises on residents’ support for tourism. Lessons from COVID-19," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(4), pages 924-946, June.
    19. Michał Roman & Monika Roman & Emilia Grzegorzewska & Piotr Pietrzak & Kamil Roman, 2022. "Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism in European Countries: Cluster Analysis Findings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, January.
    20. Celeste Vong & Paulo Rita & Nuno António, 2021. "Health-Related Crises in Tourism Destination Management: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-28, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jtourh:v:3:y:2022:i:3:p:40-665:d:863074. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.