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VFR Travel in Turkey during and Post-COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Elisa Zentveld

    (Institute of Innovation, Science, and Sustainability, Federation University, P.O. Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia)

  • Günay Erol

    (Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Tourism Faculty, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey)

  • Ebru Düşmezkalender

    (Department of Tourism Management, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey)

Abstract

Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travel is a significant component of travel across the globe. Whilst COVID-19 impacted all travel in all countries, its impact on VFR in certain cultures was particularly pronounced. Aside from reconnecting socially with friends and relatives, in some cultures, certain ceremonies and rituals were compromised, meaning a complex choice for residents between focusing on global health information (e.g., avoiding contact, especially with elderly who are at risk) and disobeying significant cultural rituals that signify respect and importance. Whilst most VFR travel research has focused on western countries, this research examined the impact of COVID-19 travel restrictions and health warnings on VFR travel in the country of Turkey. The significance of COVID-19 to VFR travel in Turkey is explained, and implications for the future are put forward.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisa Zentveld & Günay Erol & Ebru Düşmezkalender, 2022. "VFR Travel in Turkey during and Post-COVID-19," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jtourh:v:3:y:2022:i:3:p:40-665:d:863074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Craig, Christopher A., 2021. "Camping, glamping, and coronavirus in the United States," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    3. Laddawan Kaewkitipong & Charlie Chen & Peter Ractham, 2021. "Examining Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Tourism for International Tourists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Vicente Ramos, 2020. "A Charter for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-4, May.
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