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Scenarios of Phosphorus Flow from Agriculture and Domestic Wastewater in Myanmar (2010–2100)

Author

Listed:
  • Chery Myo Lwin

    (Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan)

  • Kyaw Nyunt Maung

    (, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan)

  • Mari Murakami

    (, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan)

  • Seiji Hashimoto

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan)

Abstract

Transfer of nutrients from agriculture and wastewater to the hydrosphere attracts attention of policymakers and scientists due to an increasingly important influence on the water environment. Crop and livestock production and fisheries predominantly support the Myanmar economy. However, phosphorus (P), which is used in cultivation and is also present in domestic sewage, is a major source of biogenic pollutants and eutrophication in Myanmar. It is therefore necessary to elucidate P flows from agricultural and domestic wastewaters to formulate a series of cost-effective policies and best-management practices (BMPs). This paper describes P flows to the hydrosphere, as driven by agricultural and domestic wastewater use in Myanmar during 2010–2100. The results reveal that total P flow from farmland and livestock occurred at 55 thousand Mg/year (thousand million grams per annum) in 2010 but is expected to be 128–141 thousand Mg/year in 2100. Urban population growth is the main factor contributing to the gradual increase in P flow from domestic wastewater; however, most of the P flow is derived from agriculture, suggesting that marked reductions in fertilizer use are necessary. This research provides basic information for the appraisal of P utilization and facilitates the identification of important objectives for sustainable P management in Myanmar.

Suggested Citation

  • Chery Myo Lwin & Kyaw Nyunt Maung & Mari Murakami & Seiji Hashimoto, 2017. "Scenarios of Phosphorus Flow from Agriculture and Domestic Wastewater in Myanmar (2010–2100)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:8:p:1377-:d:107082
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2013. "Myanmar: Urban Development and Water Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map," ADB Reports RPT135826, Asian Development Bank (ADB), revised 08 Oct 2013.
    2. Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2013. "Philippines: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map," ADB Reports RPS125240, Asian Development Bank (ADB), revised 06 Nov 2013.
    3. Dunchao Ma & Shanying Hu & Dingjiang Chen & Yourun Li, 2013. "The Temporal Evolution of Anthropogenic Phosphorus Consumption in China and Its Environmental Implications," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 17(4), pages 566-577, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marina Valentukevičienė & Lina Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė & Viktoras Chadyšas & Andrius Litvinaitis, 2018. "Evaluating the Impacts of Integrated Pollution on Water Quality of the Trans-Boundary Neris (Viliya) River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.

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