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Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

Author

Listed:
  • Hiroshi Takagi

    (School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan)

  • Daisuke Fujii

    (School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan)

  • Miguel Esteban

    (Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8563, Japan)

  • Xiong Yi

    (School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan)

Abstract

Jakarta has been experiencing severe land subsidence over the last few decades. A questionnaire survey of local inhabitants revealed that seawater is already overtopping coastal dykes and flooding a vulnerable community along Jakarta’s waterfront. The present study projects coastal floods around Jakarta until the year 2050 to understand the long term effectiveness of proposed dykes under continuing rapid land subsidence scenarios. This is done through a hydrodynamic model that considers land subsidence, sea-level rise, and tides. The analysis confirms that, if high enough, coastal dykes will help to prevent flooding, though their effectiveness will eventually disappear as land subsidence continues. For example, a 3-m dyke, which is expected to be sufficiently high to cope with present-day conditions, could completely lose its ability to stop floods by the year 2040. Moreover, higher dykes can also bring about other problems, because if they are overtopped, they actually prolong flooding, essentially trapping a higher volume of water inland. On the other hand, a small 1-m dyke can be expected to stop coastal floods if land subsidence can be stopped. This study demonstrates that actions to stop land subsidence would be the most effective countermeasure to mitigate coastal floods from the middle of the 21st century onwards, emphasizing the need to prioritize such actions among the range of countermeasures being proposed for Jakarta.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroshi Takagi & Daisuke Fujii & Miguel Esteban & Xiong Yi, 2017. "Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:619-:d:95948
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Braadbaart, Okke & Braadbaart, Frederick, 1997. "Policing the urban pumping race: Industrial groundwater overexploitation in Indonesia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 199-210, February.
    2. Hiroshi Takagi & Nguyen Danh Thao & Le Tuan Anh, 2016. "Sea-Level Rise and Land Subsidence: Impacts on Flood Projections for the Mekong Delta’s Largest City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-15, September.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ezekiel Grant & Nikolaos Iliopoulos & Miguel Esteban & Motoharu Onuki, 2024. "A tale of two (Florida) cities: perceptions of flooding risk and adaptation in Tampa’s Hyde Park and Saint Augustine," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(8), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Feng Gao & Tuanzhi Zhao & Xuebin Zhu & Lingwei Zheng & Wenjun Wang & Xudong Zheng, 2022. "Land Subsidence Characteristics and Numerical Analysis of the Impact on Major Infrastructure in Ningbo, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Hiroshi Takagi, 2018. "Long-Term Design of Mangrove Landfills as an Effective Tide Attenuator under Relative Sea-Level Rise," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Vana Tsimopoulou & Takahito Mikami & Tajnova Tanha Hossain & Hiroshi Takagi & Miguel Esteban & Nuki Agya Utama, 2020. "Uncovering unnoticed small-scale tsunamis: field survey in Lombok, Indonesia, following the 2018 earthquakes," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(2), pages 2045-2070, September.

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