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Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff

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  • Agnieszka Karczmarczyk

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Improvement, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Anna Baryła

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Improvement, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Paweł Kożuchowski

    (Paweł Kożuchowski, Green Roofs Laboratory, Ceglana 2B, 05-250 Słupno, Poland)

Abstract

Urbanization leads to higher phosphorus (P) concentration in urban catchments. Among different stormwater retention measures, green roofs are the least efficient in phosphorus retention. Moreover, much research has shown that green roofs act as sources of phosphorus, and they can emit P in significant loads. In this study low P emission green roof substrate was developed based on the proposed step by step procedure for the selection of materials including laboratory tests, column experiments, and the monitoring of the open air green roof model. Developed substrate is the mixture of crushed red brick (35% of volume), crushed limestone (20% of volume), and sand (45% of volume), and is characterized by a bulk density of 1.52 g/cm 3 , water permeability of 9 mm/min, water capacity of 24.6% of volume, and granulometric composition that meets the Landscaping and Landscape Development Research Society (FLL) guidelines. Limestone was added to limit the potential P leaching from crushed red brick and vegetated mate consisted of Sedum album , Sedum acre , Sedum kamtschaticum , Sedum spurium , Sedum reflexum , Sedum sexangulare , Dianthus deltoides , Dianthus carthusianorum , and Thymus vulgaris . The open air model experiment was run for 319 days, from March 2015 to February 2016. The total water runoff from the green roof model amounted to 43.3% of runoff from the reference roof. The only one runoff event polluted with phosphorus was connected with the outflow of melted snow from an unfreezing green roof model.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Karczmarczyk & Anna Baryła & Paweł Kożuchowski, 2017. "Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:10:p:1795-:d:114057
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alar Teemusk & Ülo Mander, 2011. "The Influence of Green Roofs on Runoff Water Quality: A Case Study from Estonia," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(14), pages 3699-3713, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sri Yuliani & Gagoek Hardiman & Erni Setyowati, 2020. "Green-Roof: The Role of Community in the Substitution of Green-Space toward Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Grzegorz Pęczkowski & Katarzyna Szawernoga & Tomasz Kowalczyk & Wojciech Orzepowski & Ryszard Pokładek, 2020. "Runoff and Water Quality in the Aspect of Environmental Impact Assessment of Experimental Area of Green Roofs in Lower Silesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Anna Baryła & Tomasz Gnatowski & Agnieszka Karczmarczyk & Jan Szatyłowicz, 2019. "Changes in Temperature and Moisture Content of an Extensive-Type Green Roof," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, April.

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